INTRODUCTION

QUESTIONS !!
How an organization can continuously flourished

despite tons of challenges endlessly keep crossing their

path?
Or, how can we place a number of eggs inside a small
container without the probability of the eggs will fall
off?

ANSWER !!
Those questions might represents a severe level of

understanding but surprisingly the answer might be

the same:

a good management efforts!

CLARIFICATIONS
In order to enhance students understanding on the

whole concept of SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

PROJECT MANAGEMENT, an overview of each terms
will be presented.
The followings is the guidance flowchart:

THE GUIDANCE FLOWCHART

OVERVIEW OF TERMS:

MANAGEMENT
PROJECT
CONSTRUCTION
SITE

1.1

THEIR INTEGRATION:
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
SITE MANAGEMENT

1.2

CHAPTER 1.1

OVERVIEWS

BRIEF HISTORY
Management practices can be traced back to the

ancient civilization as early as 5000 BC.

To record any transactions in business, Sumerian
priests of city of Ur Iraq kept written records.
They were using papers made of papyrus.

DEFINITION FROM DICTIONARY

Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary defines

management as controlling/organizing someone(s)

or something(s)

MANAGEMENT APPROACH

No.

Management Approach

Organizational

Scientific

Bureaucracy

Human Relation

System

Contingency

Description
The importance of management relates to organisations where they exists to achieve
results
The importance of selecting a proficient means in order to coordinate and control
work.
The importance of expertise, discipline, and system of rules in management by using
administration.
The importance of primary deliberation through human psychology and social
elements.
The importance of interrelated sub-systems while managing an organisation.
The importance of situational contingencies to select the most suitable structure and
system of management.

MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS IN
ORGANIZATIONAL APPROACH
Functions

Management Scholars Point of View

Forecast

Planning

Organizing

Commanding

Coordinating

Motivating

/
/

Staffing

Leading

/
/

Influencing

/
/

Directing
Controlling

/
/

THEREFORE
Organizational management became one of the most

important ingredients to determine a successful

organization which consists of two or more people
working together.
A comprehensive definition of organizational
management is the attainment of organizational goals
in an effective and efficient manner through
management functions (e.g. planning, organizing,
leading, and controlling) towards organizational
resources

OVERVIEWS

DEFINITIONS OF PROJECT BY
SEVERAL DISTINGUISHED BODIES
Project Management Institute (PMI, USA through

The Project Management Body of Knowledge

(PMBoK)):
a temporary endeavour undertaken to create a unique

product or service

temporary means every project has a definite beginning and a

definite end
unique as the product or service is different in some
distinguishing way from all similar products or services

DEFINITIONS OF PROJECT BY
SEVERAL DISTINGUISHED BODIES
Association of Project Management (APM, UK):
project is not an ordinary day-to-day basis, which
requires temporary teamwork from different parties
since specified start to end point, in order to achieve
common goals

DEFINITIONS OF PROJECT BY
SEVERAL DISTINGUISHED BODIES
International Project Management Association (IPMA,

Holland through IPMA Competence Baseline

document):
a time and cost constrained operation to realize a set of

defined deliverables (the scope to fulfill the projects

objectives) up to quality standards and requirements

THEREFORE
A project should have these characterictics:
Objective(s)
Defined scope
Produce something(s)
Something(s) that unique
Within temporary time frame
Consists of several important resources such as time,
budget, manpower, and materials
May involved a complex environment
May adopting crossed functional and beyond the
traditional organizational border line

CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN
PROJECT
Scholars Point of View
Cost/budget

Time/schedule

Quality

Scope

Resources

Overall

client

satisfaction
Keep
equilibrium

an

THEREFORE
COST

RESOURCES

TIME

SCOPE

QUALITY

The Collection of Projects Critical Components (should be in equilibrium)

GENERAL SEQUENCE OF PROJECT

PHASES
Project (any)

Project (Construction)

Scholars
Phases

Scholars Point of View

1.

Initiation

1.

Definition

1.

Idea

2.

Planning

2.

Design

2.

Conceptual design

3.

Implementation

3.

Construction

3.

Approval of conceptual design

4.

Close-out

4.

Preliminary & final design

5.

Bid package complete

6.

Decision to release for bid

7.

Advertise notice to bidders

8.

Bid period & receipt of proposals

9.

Select contractor

10. Notice to proceed

11. Construction period
12. Inspection & acceptance of project

OVERVIEWS

DEFINITION FROM DICTIONARY

Construction is a noun for building
Commonly recognized as an act to produce

something or product

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Construction may go through the process of building

something from:
The scratch, or
Remodeling, or
Upgrading an existing product.

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

A construction process is differing from a

manufacturing process although it produces a kind of

product:
manufactured products begin with an initial design and it

will be produced according to the market analysis and what

are the respective customers wanted. Initially, they will not
have a customer until the product is being displayed on a
market shelves.
construction product will started according to the demand
and request by a respective customer, or simply the client.
The process also need to have a feasibility studies (consists of
market survey, design, and so on), but with the help of input
from the client who funded the project itself

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Any construction is unique, given that it requires

varied:
construction techniques,
knowledge,
skills,
pattern of relationship between parties,
and the environment where the particular construction

takes place.

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

A construction consists of:

a collection of activities which need to be

arrange according to:

the predetermined specification, and

within a given time frame.

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Construction was:
a complex,
dynamic, and
full of uncertainty.
Every person within the environment (i.e.

construction practitioners):
need to be managed, and

their relationship must be kept smooth and uncluttered.

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Additionally, the realm of the construction industry is

deemed to be constantly changing very fast due to

several issues including:
social,
economics,
market forces,
labour resources,

emergence of new technologies,

environmental, and
government regulations.

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Construction phase is commonly prone to cost overruns

due to several well-known problems (i.e. changes, delays,

etc.) which usually followed by changes in contract and
claims (refer following diagram)

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

During the construction phase, contractor plays a

significant role.
Their contribution may start as early as the tendering
or bidding process until the physical product is
completed as planned.

IMPORTANT RESOURCES IN
CONSTRUCTION
4Ms:
manpower,
materials,
machines, and
money.

GENERAL SEQUENCE OF
CONSTRUCTION
Scholars Point of Views
Phase 1

Bidding & selecting

Bidding

Bidding

Contracting

Phase 2

Construction

Pre-construction

Construction

Execution

Phase 3

Close-out

Construction

Inspection &

Close-out

acceptance
Phase 4

Close-out

Occupancy

OVERVIEWS

DEFINITION OF SITE BY SCHOLARS

Construction site is a PLACE to transform, exploit and

utilize several basic resources such as manpower,

materials, and machines into a physical product.

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

After the selected contractor from the previous

bidding activity was being awarded, they will be given

a notice to proceed with the actual construction.
From there on, the particular contractor are granted an
access to a site where the physical construction works
will be commenced.
Therefore, a site can be considered a place where a
constructed facility will be built.

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

A proper site planning is a must, where it will

concurrently support the site operations and effective

flow of resources without compromising the safety and
health needs.
The substantial generation of money in a construction
site which may determine either the particular
construction will gain profits or losses

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Thus it requires a significant attention on the:
efficiency,
productivity, and
quality.
Especially on two essential activities which are:
the materials and equipments handling, and
the workforces skills in utilizing those resources to
produce the end product.

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Site activities need to be defined concisely in order to

manage all resources efficient and effectively towards

achieving the construction goals.

CHAPTER 1.2

OVERVIEWS

DEFINITIONS OF PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and

techniques to project activities in order to meet or

exceed stakeholder needs and expectations from a
project (PMI, USA)
Where meeting the stakeholders needs and
expectations consist of balancing the involved
resources with their requirements.

DEFINITIONS OF PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
the way of managing change, where there are

activities inside the project to meet specific objectives

and can be used to introduce or improve new or
existing products and services (APM, UK)

DEFINITIONS OF PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
A set of methods and approaches toward projects

resources to achieve established goals through a series

of activities (Scholars)

Level of Efforts in Project

Management
It varies between the life cycle of a project

THE PROJECT MANAGER

Project Manager is usually the leader throughout the

whole project lifecycle.

Their roles and tasks generally surrounds:

SOME OF THE PROJECT

MANAGERS ROLES

SUMMING UP
Project management requires the inclusion of

important management functions (e.g. planning,

organizing, coordinating, leading, and controlling) in
order to accomplish the organizational goals in an
effective and efficient manner by exploiting projects
critical components (i.e. time, cost, quality, scope, and
resources) throughout their entire life cycle.

SUMMING UP
Summary of several characteristics and approach
to PM
No.

Characteristics

Details

Approaches

Period

Have defined start and end

Need to be managed properly

Product/service

One of its kind

According to clients

Leads by

requirements
3

Critical

Time, cost, quality, scope, resources

components
4

Resources

Need to be balance and in

equlibrium

Money, manpower, material,

Need to be managed properly

machines
5

Environment

Complex, uncertain

Inclusion of risk management,

change management, etc.

Phases

From idea to acceptance of project

Need to be managed properly

Project
Manager

THE OVERALL LIFE CYCLE OF A

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
Construction Projects Life Cycle

10

12

1
3

11

Legends: Process
1.

Idea

7.

Advertise notice to bidders

2.

Conceptual design

8.

Bid period & receipt of proposals

3.

Approval of conceptual design

9.

Select contractor

4.

Preliminary & final design

10.

Notice to proceed

5.

Bid package complete

11.

Construction period

6.

Decision to release for bid

12.

Inspection & acceptance of project

OVERVIEWS

DEFINITIONS OF CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT (adopted from the
CIOB, UK)
They dividing the comprehensive explanation into six
sections:
Sections
1
2

3
4
5
6

Construction Management is:

management of the development, conservation and improvement of the built environment;
exercised at a variety of levels from the site and project, through the corporate organisations of the
industry and its clients, to society as a whole;
embracing the entire construction value stream from inception to recycling, and focussing upon a
commitment to sustainable construction;
incorporating a wide range of specialist services;
guided by a system of values demonstrating responsibility to humanity and to the future of our planet;
and
informed, supported and challenged by an independent academic discipline.

CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS
ROLES AND TASKS
CONSTRUCTION PHASE BOUNDARY

STAFF

CO
NS
TR
UC
TI
O
N
PH
AS
E
BO
U
N
D
AR
Y

MATERIALS

COMPUTER & I.T. (for

general and construction
specific applications)

PLANT / MACHINERY
/ EQUIPMENT

SUB-CONTRACTORS

RESOURCES

OVERALL
ESSENTIAL
COMPETENCY

ADMINISTRATION

GENERAL
CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT
TASKS

THE
CONSTRUCTION
MANAGER

MONEY

QUALITY

PRE-CONSTRUCTION

CLOSEOUT &
HANDOVER

RESPONSIBLE TO
THIRD PARTIES, MAIN
CONTRACTOR,
CLIENT, CLERK OF
WORK, DESIGN TEAM

RESPONSIBLE
FOR /
OBJECTIVES

CONSTRUCTION
CONTRACT
ADMINISTRATION

SAFETY

LABOUR

TIME

CONSTRUCTION PHASE BOUNDARY

ENVIRONMENT

CO
NS
TR
UC
TIO
N
PH
AS
E
BO
UN
DA
RY

SUMMING UP
Summary of several characteristics and approach
to CM
No.

Characteristics

Details

Approaches

Period

Have defined start and end

Need to be managed properly

Product/service

One of its kind, unique

According to clients

Leads by

requirements
3

Critical

Time, cost, quality, scope, resources

components
4

Resources

Need to be balance and in

equlibrium

Money, manpower, material,

Need to be managed properly

machines
5

Environment

Complex, uncertain, demanding

Inclusion of risk management,

change management, etc.

Phases

From bidding to acceptance of

project

Need to be managed properly

Construction
Manager

THE OVERALL LIFE CYCLE OF A

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Legends: Process
1.

Idea

7.

Advertise notice to bidders

2.

Conceptual design

8.

Bid period & receipt of proposals

3.

Approval of conceptual design

9.

Select contractor

4.

Preliminary & final design

10.

Notice to proceed

5.

Bid package complete

11.

Construction period

6.

Decision to release for bid

12.

Inspection & acceptance of project

OVERVIEWS

WHAT IS SITE MANAGEMENT

Site management involves a combination of site

activities which mainly the organization of turning

necessary resources into a finished product

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF SITE

MANAGEMENT
An excess of working loads and hours.
A number of conflicting parties to deal.
Usually leads by the Site Manager.

SITE MANAGERS ROLES AND TASKS

Visiting consultants,
site/trade foreman,
trainees, site
supervisors.

STAFF

Take-off, schedule & requisition,

Supplier liaison, weekly records,
site use, stock checks, storage of
materials.

Recruitment,
dismissal,
inter-site
liaison/transfer, supervision, direction &
motivation, weekly and monthly records,
approve wages, prepare working
sketches.

MATERIALS

LABOUR

Schedules and requisitions, supplier liaison

and correspondence, weekly hire records
and time sheets, site use and control,
maintenance of contractors plants &
equipment.

PLANT

Assist
tendering
and
selection
process,
issue
information/variations, co-ordination, liaison or works,
meeting, initiate general correspondence, progress
monitoring, administer quotations, claims and payments,
site measurements etc.

SUB-CONTRACTORS

Public, Local
Authorities, Police.
Site setting out, lines &
levels, datums,
benchmarks, signage.

RESOURCES

SURVEY
WORKS
Site dairies, check
drawings, maintain all
site records, filing &
correspondences.

ADMINISTRATION

SUNDRIES

THE SITE
MANAGER

THIRD PARTIES

RESPONSIBLE TO

Service
Departments,
Contracts Manager.

CONTRACTOR

Directors

PRECONSTRUCTIO
N
Survey existing site condition, Site photograph, design temporary site layout, master
programme, forecasting & scheduling resources, requirements for meetings, scheduling for
meetings, planning for temporary buildings & site mobilisation.

SAFETY

MONEY

Risk assessment, site safety audits, health &

safety equipments, health & safety
records/audits, health & safety administration.

Appraisals, weekly & monthly cost

control, assist valuation, claims &
payments.

CLIENT, CLERK-OF
WORKS & DESIGN
TEAM

RESPONSIBLE FOR

Query list, variations, day work sheets, confirm verbal instructions, coordination, liaison of works, meetings, initiate general correspondence, reports.

QUALITY

Prepare & check snag list, supervision,

recording of tests, record performance,
and quality administration.

TIME

Long/medium/short term programmes, monitoring &

recording progress, schedules for information
requirements, planning & progress meetings

ENVIRONMENT

Controlling activities to minimise

the impact to the environment,
materials re-use, site run-off, silt
trap, waste, storm water, etc.

SUMMING UP
Summary of several characteristics and approach
to SM
No.

Characteristics

Details

Approaches

Period

Have defined start and end

Need to be managed properly

Product/service

One of its kind, unique

According to clients

Leads by

requirements
3

Critical

Time, cost, quality, scope, resources

components
4

Resources

Need to be balance and in

equlibrium

Money, manpower, material,

Need to be managed properly

machines
5

Environment

Complex, uncertain, demanding

Inclusion of risk management,

change management, etc.

Phases

From notice to proceed to

acceptance of project

Need to be managed properly

Site
Manager

THE OVERALL LIFE CYCLE OF A SITE

MANAGEMENT

Legends: Process
1.

Idea

7.

Advertise notice to bidders

2.

Conceptual design

8.

Bid period & receipt of proposals

3.

Approval of conceptual design

9.

Select contractor

4.

Preliminary & final design

10.

Notice to proceed

5.

Bid package complete

11.

Construction period

6.

Decision to release for bid

12.

Inspection & acceptance of project

Whats inside?
Go figure!!

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT

WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED !!

By knowing briefly the terms associated with Project

Management, Construction Management, and Site

Management, you gained an insight of their:
Definition,
Concept,
Scope/boundary,
Some characteristics, and

Some principles.

WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED !!

The advantages of knowing the previous knowledge:
You might knew the suitable application of sustainable
approach throughout the overall phases of construction
project.
(Anything???)

WHOLE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

LIFECYCLE

Legends: Process
1.

Idea

7.

Advertise notice to bidders

2.

Conceptual design

8.

Bid period & receipt of proposals

3.

Approval of conceptual design

9.

Select contractor

4.

Preliminary & final design

10.

Notice to proceed

5.

Bid package complete

11.

Construction period

6.

Decision to release for bid

12.

Inspection & acceptance of project

WHOLE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

LIFECYCLE ( + after handing over)
Construction Project Management

Facilities Management

Construction Management

Site Management

Construction
Planning

Design Procurement

Site
activities
started

Handover
Liability period

Decommissioning
/ Demolition