TWO PHASE BLDC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL

USING FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL

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Introduction
Fuzzy controllers are very simple conceptually.
They consist of an input stage, a processing stage, and an output stage.
The project shall be using a microcontroller with a set of switches or a matrix
key pad to define the speed of the BLDC in percentage of its rated speed being
displayed in a LCD display.
The output from the microcontroller drives the motor through a driver circuit.
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) wave can be used to control the speed of the
motor.
Here the average voltage given or the average current flowing through the
motor will change depending on the ON and OFF time of the pulses
controlling the speed of the motor .

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Definition for :-

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

A combination of hardware and software which together

form a component of a larger machine.
An example of an embedded system is a microprocessor that
controls an automobile engine.
An embedded system is designed to run on its own without
human intervention, and may be required to respond to
events in real time.

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Contents
Introduction
Block diagram
Hardware requirements
Power supply
Opto isolator
Hall sensor
Bldc motor
Schematic diagram
Working of the project
Advantages
Applications
Conclusion

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Hardware requirements
TRANSFORMER (230 12 V AC)
VOLTAGE REGULATOR (LM 7805)
MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51)
PUSH BUTTONS
LCD
1N4007
LED
RESISTOR
CAPACITOR
MC2TE OPTO ISOLATOR
HALLSENSOR
BLDC MOTOR
BC547

Hardware Components description

1. 230 V AC

50 Hz

2. Using In4007 as Bridge rectifier

12V step down

transformer

3. Capacitors Filter(470f)

4. 5v Regulator

5. Relay

6.Push Buttons

8.IR LED

7. OPTO-ISOLATOR

9. RESISTOR

10. LED

11. Capacitor

12.PHOTODIODES

13.MOSFET

Power supply

Description of power supply

The circuit uses standard power supply comprising of a step-down
transformer from 230v to 12v and 4 diodes forming a Bridge Rectifier
that delivers pulsating dc which is then filtered by an electrolytic
capacitor of about 470microf to 100microF.
The filtered dc being un regulated IC LM7805 is used to get 5v
constant at its pin no 3 irrespective of input dc varying from 9v to 14v.
The regulated 5volts dc is further filtered by a small electrolytic
capacitor of 10 micro f for any noise so generated by the circuit.
One LED is connected of this 5v point in series with a resistor of
330ohms to the ground i.e. negative voltage to indicate 5v power supply
availability.

Block diagram of mc
External interrupts
Interrup
t
Control

On-chip
ROM for
program
code

Timer/Counter

On-chip
RAM

Timer 1
Timer 0

CPU

OSC

Bus
Control

4 I/O Ports

P0 P1 P2 P3

Address/Data

Serial
Port

TxD RxD

Counter
Inputs

false

Microcontroller(at89s52)
Compatible with MCS-51 Products
8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP)
Flash Memory
Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
Three-level Program Memory Lock
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
Eight Interrupt Sources
Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode
Watchdog Timer
Dual Data Pointer
o Fast Programming Time

PIN DIAGRAM OF AT89S52

Opto-isolator
Opto coupler is a 6 pin IC. It is a combination of
1 LED and a transistor
Pin 6 of transistor is not generally used and when
light falls on the Base-Emitter junction then it
switches and pin5 goes to zero.

IR LED
An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a special
purpose LED that transmits infrared rays in the range
of 760 nm wavelength.
They, along with IR receivers, are commonly used as
sensors.

PHOTODIODES
In this mode the diode is often reverse biased,
dramatically reducing the response time at the expense
of increased noise.
The reverse bias induces only a small amount of
current (known as saturation or back current) along its
direction while the photocurrent remains virtually the
same.

MOSFET
The metaloxidesemiconductor field-effect
transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET)
is a device used for amplifying or switching
electronic signals.
The channel can be of n-type or p-type and is
accordingly called an nMOSFET or a
pMOSFET.

BLDC motors
Brushless DC motors also known as
electronically commutated motors are
synchronous electric motor powered by direct
current(DC) electricity and having electronic
commutation systems, rather than mechanical
commutator and brushes .
A BLDC motor has permanent magnets which
rotate and a fixed armature, eliminating the
problems of connecting current to the moving
armature.

BLDC motors develop maximum torque when stationary and have

linearly decreasing torque with increasing speed as shown in the
adjacent

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)

Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are
16x2 and 20x2 displays.

This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20

characters per line by 2 lines, respectively.
The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to

the controller chip which receives data from an external

source (and communicates directly with the LCD.

LCD BACKGROUND

If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines
(3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus)
The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW
EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data)
RS=Register Select (When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command)
(When RS is High(1), data being sent is text data )
R/W=Read/Write (When RW is low (0), the data written to the LCD)
(When RW is low (0), the data reading to the LCD)

BIBILOGRAPHY
The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems
by Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi

, Pearson Education.
ATMEL 89S52 Data Sheets.
www.atmel.com
www.beyondlogic.org
www.wikipedia.org
www.howstuffworks.com
www.alldatasheets.com