Wind turbine is a device used to

generate electricity from the

kinetic
power of the wind.

HISTORY OF WIND TURBINES

*1887. Glasgow, Scotland:
The first windmill for electricity production is built by Professor James Blyth.

*1888. Ohio, US
Professor Charles F. Brush builds a 12kW wind turbine

1890s Askov, Denmark:In 1903, Poul la Cour founded the Society of Wind Electricians and
in 1904 the society held the first course in wind electricity. La Cour was the first to discover
that fast rotating wind turbines with fewer rotor blades were most efficient in generating
electricity production.

1920s The first vertical axis wind turbine, the Darrieus turbine, is invented by Frenchman
George Darrieus

1930s.
By the 1930s windmills for electricity were common on farms, mostly in the United States

1941. Vermont, US:

the first megawatt-class wind turbine was synchronized to a utility grid in Vermont.

1980. New Hampshire, US:The world's first windfarm consisting of 20 turbines is built in
New Hampshire.

1991. Vindeby, Denmark:

The first offshore windfarm is created in
Vindeby, in the southern part of Denmark. The windfarm consists of 11 450kW turbines.

2007 . Stirling, UK:Installed capacity of wind power in the UK reaches 2gW, with the opening of the
Braes O'Doune windfarm, in Scotland, which produces 72mW of power.

As of 2012, Danish company Vestas is the world's biggest wind-turbine manufacturer.

TYPES OF WIND TURBINES

HAWT

VAW T

Wind turbines can be separated into two basic types

determined by which way the turbine spins:
HAWT (Horizontal-axis wind turbine)
VAWT (Vertical-axis wind turbine).

Characteristics:
-VAWTs have the main rotor shaft arranged
vertically.
-The wind turbine does not need to be pointed
into
the wind.
-With a vertical axis, the generator and other
primary components are placed near the
ground.
-The maintenance is easy.
-There are two subtypes of VAWTs:
Darrieus wind turbine and
Savonius
wind turbine.

VAWT

AD VA N TA G E S

No yaw mechanisms is needed.

A VAWT can be located nearer the

ground.

VAWTs have lower wind startup

speeds.

VAWTs may be built at locations

where
taller
structures
are
prohibited.

Wind velocity can increase taking

advantge of other constructions.

D I S AD VA N TA G E S

Most VAWTs have an average

decreased efficiency from a common
HAWT.

It doesnt take advantage from higher

wind speeds above.

They had been the subject of wild

claims and investment scams over
the last 50 years.

Characteristics:
-HAWTs are the common wind turbine.
-The blades look like a propeller that spin on the

horizontal axis.
-HAWTs have the main rotor shaft and
electrical

HAWT

machines.

generator at the top of a tower.

-They must be pointed into the wind.

-Most HAWTs are upwind

A D VA N TA G E S

D I S A D VA N TA G E S

The tall tower base allows access to

stronger wind in sites with wind shear. In
some wind shear sites, every ten meters
up the wind speed can increase by 20%
and the power output by 34%.

Massive tower construction is required

to support the heavy blades, gearbox,
and generator.

The gearbox, rotor shaft and brake

assembly being lifted into position.

High efficiency, since the blades always

move perpendicularly to the wind,
receiving power through the whole
rotation.

Their height makes them obtrusively

visible across large area.

HAWTs require an additional yaw control

mechanism to turn the blades toward the
wind.

Usually gains local opposition.

WIND TURBINE DESIGN

A wind-energy
turbine consists
of three crucial
parts:

Rotor blades: The blades are basically the sails of

the system; in their simplest form, they act as
barriers to the wind.

Shaft: The wind-turbine shaft is connected to the

center of the rotor. The rotor transfers its
mechanical, rotational energy to the shaft, and
sends it to an electrical generator.

Generator: A generator uses the properties

of electromagnetic induction to produce electrical
that drives electrical current out through power
lines for distribution.

VAWT DESIGN
The only one currently in commercial
production is the Darrieus turbine.
In a VAWT, the shaft is mounted on a
vertical axis, perpendicular to the
ground.
VAWTs are always aligned with the
wind.
VAWTs need a boost from its electrical
system to get started.
It typically uses guy wires for support.

HAWT DESIGN
The HAWT shaft is mounted
horizontally, parallel to the
ground. HAWTs need to
constantly align themselves
with the wind using a yawadjustment mechanism.
Components:

Rotor blades: Capture wind's

energy and convert it to
rotational energy of shaft.

Shaft: Transfers rotational

energy into generator.

Gearbox: Increases speed of shaft between rotor hub and generator.

Generator: Uses rotational energy of shaft to generate electricity using

electromagnetism.

Electronic control unit: Monitors system, shuts down turbine in case of

malfunction and controls yaw mechanism.

Yaw controller: Moves rotor to align with direction of wind.

Brakes: Stop rotation of shaft in case of power overload or system failure.

Tower: Supports rotor and nacelle and lifts entire setup to higher elevation

where blades can safely clear the ground.

Electrical equipment: Carries electricity from generator down through tower

and controls many safety elements of turbine.

COSTS, SAVINGS AND EARNINGS

Wind turbines are
available in a variety of
sizes, and therefore power
ratings.
The technology requires a
higher initial investment
than fossil-fueled
generators. There is also
to consider that the cost of
a system will depend on
the size and the mounting
method.

SUPPLY ISSUES
The major challenge to using wind as a source of
power is that it is intermittent and does not always
blow when electricity is needed. Wind cannot be
stored, and not all winds can be harnessed to meet
the timing of electricity demands.
Good wind sites are often located in remote locations
far from areas of electric power demand.
Wind resource development may compete with other
uses for the land.

Thanks for your attention.

Lucero Sierra Ma.Fernanda

Sierra Gmez Jess Ernique 604