TOPIC 2:

ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

OBJECTIVES
At the end, students should:

Understand cosmological perception in

Islam. Memahami pandangan semesta Islam.
Explain the main concepts in Islamic
civilization. Menghuraikan Konsep Tamadun

Islam.

Understand the Jihad concept and its

role in Islam. Memahami konsep Jihad dan
peranannya dalam kebangkitan Tamadun Islam.

Analyze the development of Islam in

Malaysia. Menganalisis kebangkitan semula Islam
dan penerapannya di Malaysia.

2.0. INTRODUCTION

To understand about
Islamic civilization. Untuk
memahami tamadun Islam

Understand about
the meaning of
civilization in Islam.

Islam is the way of

life. Melihat/Mengkaji
Islam sebagai satu cara
hidup

Melihat/Mengkaji tamadun
dalam konteks Islam
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2.1 ISLAMIC WORLD VIEW (cosmological

perception )
Islam is also the teaching
brought by all prophets since
Adam a.s.

Islam is derived from the Arabic root

WHAT IS
?

) "Salema": peace, purity,

submission and obedience. In the religious

sense, Islam means submission to the will of
God and obedience to His law.
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To place the will of Allah at the utmost level.

peace

pure

Surrender

Salama = salima
ISLAM

MEANING OF ISLAM

2.1.2. CONTENTS OF Islm

Basic principles in Islm.

Prinsip-Prinsip Asas Islam

1. Aqidah (Belief)
2. Ibadah (Worship)
3. Akhlak (Ethics)
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2.1.3. Special Characteristics of Islam.

Ciri-ciri Keistimewaan Islam
1. Rabbaniyyah (Godliness)
2. Alamiyyah (Universal in diversity. Tolerance to all
cultures???).
3. Syumuliyyah (Complete/Comprehensive)
4. Thabat wa Murunah (Constant and Flexible)
5. Waqiiyyah (Hakikat/Realistic)
6. Inqilabiyyah (To Replace)
7. Tawazun (Balance between material & spiritual)
8. Wasatiyyah (justly balanced
position/stand/track)
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1. Rabbaniyyah
Definition:
Islam comes from Allah. Man simply executes
based on Allahs orders
Ianya membawa erti bahawa Islam ini datangnya daripada Allah.
Manusia hanya sebagai pelaksana segala ketentuan yang ditetapkan

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Category of Rabbaniyyah :
1. Rabbani in terms of goals and intentions
Ones intentions has to be specifically for Allh i.e. his/
her ultimate goal in life is to get Allahs pleasure.
2. Rabbani in terms approach and resources
Ones approach and resources should be based on the
divine revelations to Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w)

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2. Alamiyyah (Universal)
Definition:
The teaching of Islam is not for a certain race
or community but it is for all ummah from all
layers of society.
Risalah Islam ditujukan untuk semua umat dan bangsa serta untuk
semua lapisan masyarakat. Ia bukan risalah untuk bangsa tertentu.

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Alamiyyah also means:

- Universal/ Suitable in the sense that the teachings of Islam
transcend across time, space and geographical boundaries.
- Applicable anywhere and anytime from past to the present and
the future.
Sesuai di semua tempat sama ada di Kutub Selatan,
Khatulistiwa dan sebagainya.Ia juga sesuai untuk semua zaman
sama ada zaman Rasulullah SAW atau zaman teknologi moden
yang canggih ini. Sesuai sampai ke hari qiamat.

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3. Syumuliyyah
Definition:
The teaching of Islam is complete and comprehensive.
The scope of Islam is all-encompassing with guidance for all
aspects of human life not excluding the smallest to the biggest of
human conduct.
Ajaran Islam lengkap dan menyeluruh. Ruang lingkup ajaran Islam
adalah mencakupi seluruh aspek kehidupan manusia tanpa kecuali
dari sekecil-kecil urusan sampailah ke sebesar-besar perkara.

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4. Thabat & Murunah

Definition:
Fixed and firm in principles and flexible in practice.
Tetap dari segi prinsip dan hukum tetapi anjal atau fleksibel dari
segi perlaksanaannya.
E.g. Solat/ prayer is an obligation to all Muslims (thabaat) but its

practice could be done in flexible ways such as by jama and

qasar for travellers.
Another situation: A Muslim who faces illness, he/ she can pray
by sitting, sleeping, etc.

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5. Waqiiyyah
Definition:
Islam is realistic.
Islam adalah mengikut realiti.
e.g: Islm recommends marriage and its also allows polygamy for man
...
Contohnya: Manusia dari segi fitrahnya ingin hidup berpasangan, maka
Islam mensyariatkan perkahwinan bagi lelaki dan perempuan dan
berpoligami hanya bagi lelaki

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6. Inqilabiyyah
Definition:
Islam should be strictly practiced in all situations. It is
clearly distinguished and should not be intermingled
with any jahiliyyah practice or system
Menegakkan Islam atas keruntuhan jahiliyyah. Islam tidak boleh
bercampur dengan jahiliyyah. Islam juga tidak boleh ditempeltempelkan pada sistem jahiliyyah. Islam menggantikan zaman

jahillyah

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7. Al-Tawazun
Definition:
Balance and integrated state between spiritual and
physical (material) of the human life.
e.g. Struggle for properties for life, and at the same time pay the
zakat and give sedekah.
Kewujudan keseimbangan dan kesepaduan antara kehidupan rohani
dan jasmani.

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8. Al-Wasatiyyah
Definition:

1) Justly balanced position in

everything. Keep it everything in which lawful

according to Syarak such wearing clothes, eating, worship,
pray etc in the justly balanced situation/ stand, not too
extremes and not too simple.
2) Manage your life in properly and good condition such as time
for study habit, eating habit, social life, sport etc.
Seimbang dalam melakukan setiap perkara yang diharuskan oleh
syarak seperti berpakaian, makan, melakukan ibadah sunat dan
seumpamanya.

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2.2. CONCEPT

OF ISLAMIC

CIVILIZATION. KONSEP TAMADUN ISLAM

Islamic civilization means

When

A Society Which
Has Achieved Its
Distinguished
Moral Values and
Culture
-al Attas-

established

based on
Islamic
teachings
Syed Qutb,
Malik Bennabi,
Prof. Richard
E. Sullivan

the element of
humanity laid by
Allah becomes the
utmost value in the
society, then the
society can be
considered as Islamic
& civilized society
-Syed Qutb
Fi Zilalil Quran21

2.2.2. GENERAL

OBJECTIVE
OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

To uphold Islm is
the way of life.

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2.2.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

Develop relationship
with the God. Membina

hubungan antara manusia dengan

Allah s.w.t

Develop
relationship
with human
beings.
Membina
hubungan sesama
manusia

Develop
relationship
with the
world/ nature.

Membina hubungan
antara manusia dengan
alam/
persekitaran
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2.2.3. Maqasid Shariah as manisfestation for Islamic

civilization.
Definition of Maqasid Shariah :

It refers to process in protecting 5 main things

shared by human beings: Religion, soul, mind,
descendents/ dignity and property. Its is the main
objective for Islamic laws revealed. Ia merupakan
tujuan utama shariah (perundangan) dalam Islam yang
melibatkan proses menjaga, memelihara, menjamin dan
melindungi 5 perkara utama iaitu Agama, Nyawa, Akal,
Maruah/Keturunan dan Harta.

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-In protecting religion

a)Doing all the obligatory deeds such as

performing solat/ prayer, and strengthening faith

(iman).

Buat suruhan wajib spt tunaikan solat, kuatkan

iman dll. Ia juga wajib tinggalkan apa yang dilarang oleh
agama spt tidak murtad.

b)Protecting religion from been

deviated. Jaga/lindungi agama daripada dihina, difitnah,

dikeji oleh org Islam atau org bukan Islam.
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2.2.3. MAQASID SHARIAH

1) Protecting
religion

2) Protecting human
live/ soul

4 Protecting descendents/
dignity.

3) Protecting mind

5) Protecting property
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2.2.4. SOURCES IN ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

Al-Quran.
Al-Sunnah.
Ijtihad.
Qias
Ijma (Ulama consensus)

all cultures and civilizations

provided they are not
contradict to Islamic teachings.
Etc

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Main source: Al-Quran

Primary Sources

1) THE QURAN
(absolute & final
authority)

2) THE SUNNAH
(explanation of the
Quran)

Secondary Sources

3. Al IJMA
(unanimous
agreement of the
muslim community)

4. Al QIAS
(reasoning)

QURAN AL KAREEM
Definition:
The word Quran is an infinitive noun from the
word, qaraa means;
(He collected together, he read or recited)


( al lafzul arabi, al munazzal ala Nabi s.a.w, al
mu jizu bi suratin minhu, al manqul tawaturan, al
muta abbun bi tilawatihi)

The Content of Al-Quran

1.

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

Legislative
Worship
Family
Muamalat
Jenayat
Akhlak (Ethics)
etc

AL- SUNNAH
Literally means a way, rule, a manner of action or

mode of life

Both Hadith and Sunnah, cover the

same ground and defining the
prophets actions, sayings and silent
approval

The Categories of Sunnah

1) Sunnah Qauliah: saying of holy prophet which has
influence a religious matters
e.g: none of you (truly) believes until he wishes for is
brother what he wishes for himself.

2) Sunnah Fiiliyyah: an action of prophet.

e.g: perform your prayer as you see me praying
3) Taqrir: his silent approval of the action or practice of
another
e.g. case of eating Dhab among Sahabah (Companions)

IJMA
"Consensus" of legal scholars
representing all Muslims
(mujtahidin)
Persetujuan di antara ulama-ulama Islam selepas
kewafatan Nabi Muhammad mengenai sesuatu
hukum syarak.

E.g. The prohibition of cigarette smoking based on

some evidences particularly the yat/ verse of the
Holy book al-Qurn:




.(195 :2 )

And spend of your substance in the cause of Allah,
and make not your own hands contribute to (your)
destruction; but do good; for Allah loveth those
who do good (al-Qurn , 2: 195).

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QIYAS
Qiyas is the process of analogical reasoning from a
known injunction (nas) to a new injunction
Menerangkan hukum sesuatu yang tidak ada nasnya dalam
al-Quran dan Hadis dengan cara membandingkannya
dengan sesuatu yang ditetapkan hukumnya berdasarkan nas.
Bermaksud menyamakan sesuatu yang tidak ada nas
hukumnya dengan sesuatu yang tidak ada nas hukumnya
kerana adanya illat hukum.

Example for Qiyas

Legal evidence from the Qurn:

(90 : )

O ye who believe! intoxicants and gambling, (dedication of)
stones, and (divination by) arrows, are an abomination of
Satan's handiwork: eschew such (abomination), that ye may
prosper. Wahai orang-orang yang beriman! Bahawa
sesungguhnya arak, dan judi, dan pemujaan berhala, dan
mengundi nasib dengan batang-batang anak panah, adalah
(semuanya) kotor (keji) dari perbuatan syaitan; oleh itu
hendaklah kamu menjauhinya supaya kamu berjaya (alQurn, 5: 90).

SMOKING/

 So intoxicant drink is prohibited in Islm. At the time

it was from grapes and its name was al- Khamr

(), whereby nowadays there are so many materials
that could become intoxicant drink whether it is from
rice, pineapple, coconut, etc; and they do come by
many names such Carlsberg, Stout, Beer, etc they are
all harm in Islm based on the Qiys concept.
Illah ()/ reason for justifying this Qiyas: is the
intoxication and harmful for brain/ mind.

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2.3. EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF

ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION
Beginning of Islamic Civilization
Islamic Civilization at prophethood time
(Prophet Muhammad SAW) & Khulafa al
Rasyidin.
During Umayyah /Abbasiyyah periods.
The spread and development of Islam to
Africa, Europe, India and Asian continental

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2.4.1 Factors that leaded to excellence of Islamic

civilization

Upholding the teachings of al-Quran

dan al-Sunnah (Insan Rabbanigodliness individual generation).

Good rulers/ ministers.

Galakan

Pemerintah.

Political stability

Cooperation between the Muslims especially

among their Muslim scholars and
intellectuals. Kerjasama Para Ulama dan
Cendikiawan.

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2.4.3 Intellectual activities occurred in:

Economy.
Medicine.
Astronomy.
Math.
Architecture
Etc

2.4.2. Development of Islamic knowledge to Europeans

Diplomatic relation.

Hubungan Diplomatik.

Translation activities.

Universities such as at Sicily.

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2.5. ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION DURING COLONIAL

ERA
Teaching and Learning. Sistem Pengajaran dan

Pendidikan
Maas media especially newspaper: materialistic
generation - social problems.
Alien ideologies such sekularisme, capitalism,
darwnism, etc.

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2.6. JIHAD IN ISLAM

Jihad in upholding the

Islamic teachings.

Mempertahankan Kesucian Islam.

Jihad against lust/ bad

intention

(Nafsu).

Jihad in education. Ilmu

dan pendidikan.
Etc

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2.7 Islamic development in Malaysia.

Cultivating Islamic values in the

administration. Penerapan Nilai-Nilai Islam

dalam Pentadbiran Islam Had.ari
Its application in economy

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2.8. CONCLUSION
Islam is a universal religion for all man kind. Its
emergence brought good changes to human beings and
the world whereby its teachings address a lot on good
values and behaviours.
Islamic civilization brought one distinguished civilization
to the world the history ever seen whereby its main
concept as the way of life gives a new dimension to
religion perception. It later on paved a way to European
renaissence and development.

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Any Reminder / Debriefing

about the topic in Topic 2

THANKS

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