By

Mohit kr. Nagar 2013CEV2189

Introduction
A large section of our population lives in
rural areas
It is often said that India lives in her
villages
It is thus become necessary to know the
quality of life of the people in the villages

Objective
To get insight into the technologies used in

rural areas.
To understand the dynamics of social
structure, infrastructure, resources in village.
Comparative difference between nirmal and
non nirmal village.

Methodology
Study of two villages

1- Jaganpur Afjal pur (non nirmal)

2- Chitehra (nirmal)
Visiting both villages and talking to people
and Gram Pradhan.
Focussed Group interviews.
Household survey

Jaganpur Afjalpur village

Village

located in the Dankaur

block of Gautam Budh

Block
Nagar district.

Jaganpur Afjalpur

District

Dankaur
Gautam Budh Nagar

State

Uttar Pradesh

Parliamentary
Constituency
Legislative assembly

Gautam Budh Nagar

Jewar

It is located 10 km from Parichowk

49.6 km from New Delhi railway station via

Noida- Greater Noida expressway

4386 hectare area (52000 bigha)
50% land is acquired by UP government for
industrial purpose.

Households and Population

dynamics
Caste-wise

Total No.

Total

No. of

No. of

Total

distribution

of

No. of

Males Female Popula

househol

BPL

ds

househ

tion

olds
SC

OBC 122

26

96

370

360

730

sex ratio is 973 female per 1000 males

The literacy level of the village is 75% out of

this 90% male of the village are literate

whereas just 60% females
Male (Below 18 years) literacy rate is found to
be 98% and adult female literacy rate is 85%
increase in literacy level of girls indicates that
the villagers are now concerned about the girls
education

Social Structure
Homogenous population of Hindu only
social group composition of village is divided

SC and OBC
84% backward class, 16% schedule caste
major community in the village are Gujjars and
rest are Dalits

Weather
rainfall of 90+5 cm
The climate is hot and humid during summer and cold
during winter.
Climate of the area is humid subtropical with dry
winters
The climate is hot and humid during summer and cold
during winter
climate hot and humid during summer (40-45 *C)
cold during winter touches 1-2 *C

INFRASTRUCTURE
Roads good connectivity with city
Electricity 15-18 hrs
Drinking water

six hand pumps

no water supply facility
Ground water is used for drinking purpose
Almost 90% households installed RO system

Sanitation

Every household have individual toilet facility

Because of proper concrete drainage line,
Drainage is not a problem
water stagnation is not a problem in the
village.

Social infrastructure
Educational infrastructure
One Primary school with toilet facility

170 - 200 colleges and schools nearby within 10 km.

Infrastructure Related to Health

No hospital

Cultural place - 2 temples

Micro Enterprise -small shop which keeps some basic
need items of daily use
Community hall - no hall but a open area for meetings
and panchayats

Economy
livelihood of villagers is multidimensional
Most of the people in the village have agriculture as
the primary source nearly 65%

Others are engaged in small-scale industries like

construction works ( material supply)
Villagers are hesitating to tell about their income so

no data available of per capita income

Agriculture
A big part of village population depend on agricuture
irrigated by their own pumping system so mix
cropping avoided

multi-cropping is practiced.
main crops are paddy and Wheat
Farmers use urea along with cow dung as fertilizers

waste collection and treatment

No proper MSW collection and treatment facility
Waste generated from kitchen is used as feed for

cattle
Generated waste contain less organic matter.
Modern technologies are not used in the village to
treat solid and liquid waste
A stabilization pond is in village where waste
water get stabilised by natural forces

Symbiotic relation between

bacteria and algae

Chitehra village (Nirmal Gram)

Located in the Dadri block of Gautam Budh Nagar

district.

Village
Block
District
State
Parliamentary
Constituency
Legislative assembly

Chitehra
Dadri
Gautam Budh Nagar
Uttar Pradesh
Gautam Budh Nagar
Dadri

Average rainfall of 90+5 cm.

Agriculture in the village is not rain fed

only.
Ground water is used for drinking
purpose.
Most of the households have their own
water pumping system and RO system

Households and Population

dynamics
Caste-wise

Total No.

Total

No. of

distribution

of

No. of

Males

househol

BPL

ds

househ

No. of

Total

Female Populat
s

ion

olds

SC

OBC 1450

250

1200

50

4807

4543

9350

Because of proper concrete drainage line,water

stagnation is not a problem .

Nearly 60% of the villagers are engaged in agriculture
or agriculture related work and the rest are engaged in
small-scale industries like construction works.
Farmers use urea along with cow dung as fertilizers;
however, application of cow dung is found to be
prevalent in the village.
land is quite fertile, multi-cropping is practiced.

no proper MSW collection and treatment facility

waste generated from kitchen is used as feed for cattle
Modern technologies are not used in the village to

treat solid and liquid waste

DRINKING WATER QUALITY

ASSESSEMENT Of VILLAGES
Turbidity Test
1. Turbidity of the drinking water sample of jaganpur
village (Non Nirmal) is less than 10 NTU.
2. Turbidity of the drinking water sample of Chithera
village (Nirmal) is less than 10 NTU.
According to drinking water specification: IS: 10500,
1992 :
Permissible limit of Drinking water is 5 10 NTU.

pH Test
pH of drinking water sample of jaganpur village(Non
Nirmal) is 8.
pH of the drinking water sample of Chithera village

(Nirmal) is 7
According to drinking water specification: IS: 10500,
1992:
Permissible limit in Drinking water is 6.5 -8.5.

Electrical Conductivity Test

EC of drinking water sample of jaganpur village (Non
Nirmal) is 1.0 mS/cm
EC of the drinking water sample of Chithera village

(Nirmal) is 1.1 mS/cm

Fluoride Test:
F- of drinking water sample of jaganpur village (Non
Nirmal) is 0.6 mg/l.
F- of drinking water sample of Chithera village

(Nirmal) is 0.6 mg/l.

According to drinking water specification: IS: 10500,
1992:
Permissible limit in Drinking water is 1 1.5 mg/l

Ammonia Test
Ammonia of drinking water sample of jaganpur
village(Non Nirmal) is less than 1 mg/l.
Ammonia of drinking water sample of of Chithera

village (Nirmal) is less than 1 mg/l.

According to drinking water specification: IS: 10500,
1992:
Permissible limit in Drinking water is 0.3 mg/l

Hardness Test:
Hardness of drinking water sample of jaganpur

village (Non Nirmal) is 580 mg/l as CaCO3

Hardness of drinking water sample of Chithera
village (Nirmal) is 568 mg/l as CaCO3
According to drinking water specification: IS: 10500,
1992:

Permissible limit in Drinking water is 200-600 mg/l

Phosphorus Test
Phosphorus of drinking water sample of jaganpur
village (Non Nirmal) is 0.1 mg/l
Phosphorus of drinking water sample of of Chithera

village (Nirmal) is less then 0.1 mg/l

According to drinking water specification: IS: 10500,
1992:
Permissible limit in Drinking water is 0.2 mg/l

Chloride Test
Cl- of drinking water sample of jaganpur village (Non
Nirmal) is 106.4 mg/l
Cl- of drinking water sample of of Chithera village
(Nirmal) is 141.8 mg/l
According to drinking water specification: IS: 10500,
1992:

Permissible limit in Drinking water is 200-1000mg/l

Residual Chlorine
Residual chlorine of drinking water sample of

jaganpur village (Non Nirmal) is not present.

Residual chlorine of drinking water sample of
Chithera village (Nirmal) is not present
According to drinking water specification: IS:
10500, 1992:
Permissible limit in Drinking water is 0.2 mg/l

Most Probable Number (MPN)

MPN of drinking water sample of jaganpur village
(Non Nirmal) is less then 1 coliform bacteria in 100
mL of the sample.
MPN of drinking water sample of Chithera village
(Nirmal) is less then 1 coliform bacteria in 100 mL of
the sample.
According to drinking water specification: IS: 10500,
1992:
Permissible limit in Drinking water is less then 1
coliform bacteria in 100 mL of the sample.

Nitrate Test
Nitrate of drinking water sample of jaganpur village
(Non Nirmal) is less then 100 mg/l.
2.0 Nitrate of drinking water sample of Chithera

village (Nirmal) is less then 10 mg/l.

According to drinking water specification: IS: 10500,
1992:
Permissible limit in Drinking water is 45 mg/l