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CHAPTER 3: Historical

Perspectives of Education

Foundations of American Education:


Becoming Effective Teachers in Challenging
Times
Sixteenth Edition
James A. Johnson, Diann L. Musial, Gene E. Hall,
and Donna M. Gollnick

Historical Perspectives on Education


Rapid

growth in size and complexity of


schools
Demand

and expectations placed on schools


by information age
Equal

educational opportunities for all


students
Practical

value of history of education in


helping educators improve education

Johnson, Musial, Hall, and Gollnick. Foundations of American Education: Becoming


Effective Teachers in Challenging Times, 16th Edition, 2014, 2011, 2008, 2006,
2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

3-2

More Students and Bigger Schools

Johnson, Musial, Hall, and Gollnick. Foundations of American Education: Becoming


Effective Teachers in Challenging Times, 16th Edition, 2014, 2011, 2008, 2006,
2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

3-3

Changes, Challenges, and


Perspectives
Increasing

Federal involvement (GI Bill,


National Science Foundation, categorical aid)
Struggle

for equal educational


opportunities
No

Child Left Behind

Johnson, Musial, Hall, and Gollnick. Foundations of American Education: Becoming


Effective Teachers in Challenging Times, 16th Edition, 2014, 2011, 2008, 2006,
2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

3-4

More Changes, Challenges, and


Perspectives
The

professionalization of teaching

Continued

importance of private schools


and homeshooling
Continuing/Adult
Educational

Education

Testing

Johnson, Musial, Hall, and Gollnick. Foundations of American Education: Becoming


Effective Teachers in Challenging Times, 16th Edition, 2014, 2011, 2008, 2006,
2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

3-5

Changing Aims of Education


Committee

high school

of Ten: studied the function of

Seven

Cardinal Principals: established seven


fields of study
The

Eight-Year Study: needs of youth


grew out of the study

Johnson, Musial, Hall, and Gollnick. Foundations of American Education: Becoming


Effective Teachers in Challenging Times, 16th Edition, 2014, 2011, 2008, 2006,
2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

3-6

Changing Aims Continued


Purposes

of Education in American
Democracy: objectives for education in four
broad areas:
--Self-realization
--Human relations
--Economic efficiency
--Civic responsibility

Johnson, Musial, Hall, and Gollnick. Foundations of American Education: Becoming


Effective Teachers in Challenging Times, 16th Edition, 2014, 2011, 2008, 2006,
2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

3-7

Preparation of Teachers
European

beginnings

Colonial

teachersvery poorly prepare,


little or no training
Teachers

as indentured servants

Teaching

apprenticeships

Johnson, Musial, Hall, and Gollnick. Foundations of American Education: Becoming


Effective Teachers in Challenging Times, 16th Edition, 2014, 2011, 2008, 2006,
2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

3-8

Preparation of Teachers Continued


Teacher

training in academies

Normal

schoolsteacher training
institutions
State

teachers colleges

Changes

in 20th century teacher education

Johnson, Musial, Hall, and Gollnick. Foundations of American Education: Becoming


Effective Teachers in Challenging Times, 16th Edition, 2014, 2011, 2008, 2006,
2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

3-9

Recent Trends in Education


New

emphases in education

--Analysis of teaching
--Teacher effectiveness
--Educational technology

--The learning process (Piaget, Bloom,


Skinner)
--Educational critics
Major

educational events of the past century

Johnson, Musial, Hall, and Gollnick. Foundations of American Education: Becoming


Effective Teachers in Challenging Times, 16th Edition, 2014, 2011, 2008, 2006,
2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

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