CONTROL OF CORROSION OF

UNDERWATER PILES

Presented by:
MURLIDHAR BARWAR(1201)
KAMLESH KUMAR (1193)
MANOJ KUMAR MEENA(1522)
BHARAT SINGH(1095)
VINOD KUMAR BAIRWA(1161)

Introduction

Corrosion is the destruction of metals and

alloys by the chemical reaction with the
environment.

Generally many traditional metal parts are

used with lighter polymeric components but
these are impervious to electrochemical
corrosion so even with the proper selection
of base metals, there is no absolute way to
eliminate corrosion.

On steel piling in seawater, the more

chemically active surface areas (anodes) are
metallically coupled through the piling itself
to the less chemically active surface areas
(cathodes) resulting flow of electricity and
corrosion of anodic areas.

Generally corrosion occurs when local

anodic and cathodic areas continually shift
about randomly but sometimes they do not
shift position end, therefore the metal suffers
localized attack and pitting occurs.

In general smaller the anode area relative to

the cathode area, the deeper the pitting

Corrosion Caused By
The Difference Of The
Dissolved Oxygen
Concentration

SPLASH
ZONE

TIDAL
ZONE

ZONES

SUBMERGED
ZONE

ATMOSPHERIC
ZONE

Depending upon
time of wetness,
temperature,
pollutants etc.
Atmospheric
corrosion is
responsible for a
large fraction of the
total corrosion in
the world.
CORROSION
RATE(without
protection)
< 0.1 mm/year

SPLASH
ZONE

TIDAL
ZONE

ZONES

SUBMERGED
ZONE

ATMOSPHERIC
ZONE

The
splash/spray
zone can be
characterized by
as an aerated
sea water
environment
where exposed
material are
almost
continually wet
and biofouling
do not attach.
CORROSION
RATE(without
protection)
0.3 mm/year

SPLASH
ZONE

TIDAL
ZONE

ZONES

ATMOSPHERIC
ZONE

The tidal zone is an

environment where
metals are
alternately
submerged in
seawater and
exposed to the
splash zone as the
tide fluctuates.
CORROSION RATE
(without protection)

SUBMERGED
ZONE

0.1-0.3 mm/year

SPLASH
ZONE

TIDAL
ZONE

ZONES

SUBMERGED
ZONE

ATMOSPHERIC
ZONE

The submerged/
shallow ocean
environment
zone usually
characterized by
well aerated
water combined
with marine
biofouling
organism of both
the plant and
animal variety.
CORROSION
RATE(without
protection)
0.1-0.2 mm/year

Phase 1 of
program
is
programmatic
assessment
planning stage of
project.

the
the

PHASE 1

or
the

For the planning

stage, three main
requirements sought,
budget and schedule
needed to overcome
the problem raised

PHASE 2

PHASE 3

Phase 2 of the
program
involves
physical assessment
and
actual
remediation.
Inspections
for
severity of corrosion
are conducted in this
phase to determine
what
strategy
or
methods are most
suitable
to
be
applied.

PHASE
1
PHASE
2

PHASE
3

Phase 3 of the
program mainly deals
with future monitoring
of
the
repaired
structure.
Systematically
identifying
and
managing
the
existing
resources
can be done by
implementing internal
or
external
monitoring
system
using
current

PHASE 1

PHASE 2

PHASE 3

PROTECTIVE
COATING

CATHODIC
PROTECTION

ANODE
DELIVERY
SYSTEM

Application of
FRP
composites

Protective Coating
In order to protect metals from corrosion, the
contact between the metal and the corrosive
environment is to be cut off. This is done by
coating the surface of metals with a
continuous non-porous material inert to the
corrosive atmosphere.

Surface coatings are broadly classified into

three
Metallic coatings
Inorganic Coatings
Organic Coatings

Protective Coatings
1.

Inorganic Zinc Sillicates Primers

2.

High Build Epoxy Coatings

3.

Aliphatic Polyurethane Topcoats

4.

Zinc Rich Epoxy Primers

5.

Non-Skid Deck Coatings

Inorganic
Zinc
Silicates
Primers

arrest rust creep, or undercutting

of the coatings surrounding the
damaged area
high degree of resistance to heat
and chemical spills

High
Build
Epoxy
Coating
s

Epoxies are generally more

abrasion and chemical resistant
than primers
These are poor resistance of ultra
violet from sunlight and most will
chalk and fade rapidly.

Aliphatic
Polyuret
hane
Topcoats

optimum resistance to UV and high degrees of

flexibility and chemical resistance.
maintain a very high level of cosmetic gloss and
color retention and can be cleaned very easily
with low pH detergents and fresh water pressure
washing.

Zinc Rich
Epoxy
Primers

high level of service and are more

tolerant to compromised surface
preparation and ambient weather
conditions
maintaining damaged areas and
breakdown of the coatings systems

Non-Skid
Deck
Coatings

normally incorporate very course

aggregates for an exaggerated
profile.
They are applied in very high film
builds and normally without a zinc
rich primer.

CATHODIC PROTECTION

Cathodic protection is an electrochemical

process which halts the corrosion of
metals in a particular environment by
superimposing an electrochemical cell
more powerful than the corrosion cell.

Sacrifical Anodes are fitted or bonded to

the metal to be protected.

The implementation is simple, all you

need is an anode, a power supply and
engineering talent.

 These are similar to the cathodic

protection method in philosophy.
These are designed on the design basis
of maximum current distribution for the
lowest possible cost, with the most longterm reliability.

Anode delivery
system

Pile Mounted
Anode

Retractable Anode

Sled Anode

Suspension Anode

Application of FRP
composites

The poor durability of conventional

corrosion repairs has led to increased
interest for its replacement by fiber
reinforced polymers.

Although dry conditions are favorable but

availability of resins that can cure in
water has made it possible.

Saturating FRP with resin and installing

is complex but benificial in costly repairs
and rapid deterioration.

Fibre reinforced polymers

have long been used for the
repair and retrofit of concrete
structural elements.

Lightweight, high strength

and resistance to chemicals.

Unparallel flexibility, multidirectional.

Two fold role: first to restore

lost flexural capacity and
second to provide resistance
to withstand expansive

 Figure shows impact

damage that led to both
cross-section and
breakage of the spiral
ties.
Using FRP there is only
need to re-form the crosssection and apply bidirectional layers to
restore lost tensile
capacity.
Bonding agents may be
required to assure
capillary suction of the

Though there is no absolute way to eliminate all

corrosion on underwater piles, there are some
effective measures to control them.
Cathodic protection is quit simple and protective
coatings are used in vast and expensive
structures.
The FRP composites have many advantages viz.
lightweight, posses high strength and chemical
resistance and moreover have incomparable
flexibility.
Of the various ways of wrapping of FRP
composites , transverse wrapping is found to be
the easiest.
Bi-directional material is the best option.
Scaffolding measures during the application of