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LATIN
BEBERAPA PENDEKATAN
International/structural explanation:
The Cold War. U.S.-Soviet Union Interests.
Mechanisms:
(a) Direct. U.S. intervention in domestic politics in Latin America
supporting anti-communist sectors (black operations, propaganda,
personal contacts).
(b) Direct. U.S. Support to the armed forces in Latin America.
Alliance through military industry and training
(c ) Indirect. U.S. Economic sanctions. Economic crisis.
(continuation...)
(e) 1970 elections: Socialist Salvador Allende won presidential
elections with 34%
(f) Constitution did not allowed second round (winner-take-all). Parties
in Congress ratified Allende as President (Always the most voted
candidate was confirmed by the Congress).
(g) During the Allende government extreme polarization of parties.
- The center party (Christian Democracy) did not want to negotiate
with the socialist government.
-The socialist government advances important social reforms without
having the support of the center and the right
- The right took the leading role of the opposition.
(continuation...)
In sum:
Certain institutions (winner-take-all) --> polarized the political system
lack of a pragmatic center--> no dialogue between parties, no
compromise --> more polarization
Lack of dialogue --> extreme solutions
then, the right look for military support for a coup
the left look for more reforms to gain more popular support