Presentation

on

Municipal Solid Waste

Management
in Panaji City
by

TETRA TECH INDIA LIMITED

NEW DELHI
December 2011

 MSW Data Specific to Panaji City

Secondary Data
A Glimpse of Existing MSW Management

Proposed MSWM Components

Segregated Storage of Waste at Source

Primary Collection
Waste Transportation
Waste Processing & Disposal
IEC & Capacity Building

Financial Estimates
Cost of Proposed Scheme
Financing Plan
Revenue Generation, O&M

REDUCE
RECYCLE

REUSE
RECOVER

Population Projection Base Year (2011)

Projected Population 2011 (resident population)

70811 Souls

Effective Population per day

- 110712 Souls

(Including resident, floating and tourist population)

Population Projection Design Year (2015)

Projected Population 2015 (resident population)

76547 Souls

Effective Population per day

- 122692 Souls

(Including resident, floating and tourist population)

Design Data
Waste Projection for System Design
Per capita Generation obtained from field survey in 2009 A.D
= 0.551kg/person/day
Waste Projections done based on 1% increase in per capita per year
based on NEERIs study/ SWM Manual

Year

Per Capita
(kg/Person/Day)

Quantity (TPD)

2009

0.76

80.26

2011

0.77

85.38

2015

0.79

96.83

Type of Waste Percentage TPD

(%)
2011

TPD
2015

BioDegradable

58.34

49.81

56.49

Recyclable

20.22

17.26

Non BioDegradable

21.44

18.31

Total

100%

Bio-degradable waste in 2015 AD

Non-Biodegradable in 2015 AD
Recyclable waste

85.38

19.58

20.76
96.83

= 56.49 TPD
= 19.58TPD
= 20.76 TPD

 Garbage Survey
House to House (H/H) Survey (for quantification of bio-degradable & non biodegradable
waste)
Restaurant/ Guest House/ Hotel Survey
Commercial/ Market Area
Beaches/Ferry points

Quantification of Garbage
Checking quantity of waste transported from different parts of Panaji city by weighing of
transportation vehicles on weigh bridge/ dharam kanta
Weighing of transportation vehicles when empty as well as when full including counting of
no. of trips

Characterization of Waste

Representative samples were collected from different service command areas and
weighted average was calculated for physical characterization based on quartering method

Waste
Generation
Segregation of
waste at source
of generation

Households

Bio-degradable waste collected in

240 liter wheeled and taken to
composting station

Commercial
Hotels / Markets

Note: Bulk composting stations also cater to those

residents at areas without having house to house
composting stations. Bio waste gets transferred
from here by means of hydraulic trucks.

Non-bio-degradable
carried in 240 liter
wheeled bins to
collection point
manually

Non-bio-degradable
carried to Animal
Shelter using Tipper
Trucks for Sorting

Recyclable sorted
out at shelter

Non-bio-degradable
carried in 240 liter
wheeled bins to
collection point
manually

Bulk Composting
Units (BCS)
Total No. of BCS 60

Composting
Station (CS)
Total No of CS 99
Collection Point

Segregation of
waste at source
of generation

Street
Sweeping

Collection Point

Non-bio-degradable
carried to Animal
Shelter using Tipper
Trucks for Sorting

Animal Shelter at
St. Inez

Final Disposal on the

outskirts of the city

Recyclable sorted
out at shelter
Inert carried to dump
site for final disposal

Segregation of waste at source

Segregated primary collection of bio-degradable waste and non-

biodegradable waste

Segregated secondary storage and collection of bio-degradable and

non-biodegradable waste

Mechanical transfer and collection of waste in segregated manner

for biodegradable and non-biodegradable.

Transportation of waste in segregated manner to ISWM site

Processing of biodegradable waste into compost

Processing of non-biodegradable waste for recycling

10

Sanitary land filling of waste

11

 Segregation and storage of waste at source

Primary collection through 240 litre bin

Transportation of waste through mini tippers to pick up points

Transportation of waste to integrated facility in Refuse Collector from pick up
points
Hydraulic transfer of waste at all stages eliminating manual handling
Centralized composting of waste at Integrated Waste Management Facility
Mechanized (Semi-automatic) Material Recovery Facility
Mechanical Brick Making Plant from processing of C & D waste

Sanitary landfill for scientific disposal of waste

Provision of personal protective equipments for MSW staff for handling of solid
waste

12 Street Sweeping by Street Sweepers

Waste Storage at H/H level

Two bins at household level for storage of waste in segregated manner.

Green bin

= organic waste

Black bin

= inorganic/ other waste

No. of Households in Panaji :

13581

No. of bins (green) of 10 l capacity for bio- degradable waste :13581

No. of bins (black) of 20 l capacity for non- biodegradable waste :13581
:13581

13

Hotels/ Restaurants

Nos.

Hotels

178

Guest Houses

61

Restaurants

471

No. of RC bins of 1100 l capacity with SS frame for Storage of waste in

Municipal markets

: 10

No. of bins of 240 l capacity for Storage of waste in hotels/ restaurants/

Guest Houses

: 1420

Green bin = 710

Black = 710
No. of bins of 240 l capacity for Storage of waste at beaches/
Ferry points
: 120
Green bin = 60
14
Black =60

Panaji is divided into 12 Zones for convenience of waste management system

Sample calculation for Zone 1

Quantity of waste generated from zone 1= 7.16 TPD
Quantity of biodegradable waste generated from zone 1=4.18 TPD

Required HDPE bins of 240 l capacity for collection of bio-degradable waste

Density of bio-degradable waste = 0.6 Kg/l
Considering 80% capacity of the bins will be used for waste storage
= (4.18/0.6)/(0.24*0.8)
= 36.3 36

15

Non-biodegradable waste will be collected twice a week in 240 litre bins

12 Zones of Panaji have been integrated into 3 circles for convenience of
waste management system

16

S.No

Circle

Zones
included

Day of
Collection

Waste generated from

each circle

1,4,11

Sunday,
Wednesday

6.5

2,3,7,8,10,12

Monday,
Thursday

6.6

5,6,9

Tuesday, Friday

5.5

Sample calculation for infrastructure requirement in Circle A

Quantity of non-biodegradable waste generated from Circle A = 6.5 TPD
Collection of non-biodegradable waste is twice a week
Total quantity of non-biodegradable waste generated in Circle A =6.5*3
TPD= 19.5 TPD
Required HDPE bins of 240 l capacity for collection of Non- biodegradable
waste
Density of Non- biodegradable waste = 0.4 Kg/l
Considering 80% capacity of the bins will be used for waste storage
= (19.5/0.4)/(0.24*0.8)
= 253.9 254

Considering each safaikaramchari will make 3 trips in a day

Bin requirement in circle A = 85
Bin requirement in circle B = 85
Bin requirement in circle C = 72

Quantity of
Biodegradable
waste
(MT/day)

Required
Number of Bins
for
Biodegradable
Waste

Caranzalem

12234

7.16

4.18

36

20

--

City Centre (Church

Square)

1886

1.10

0.64

--

City Centre (18

June RD - Boca de
Vaca)

3294

1.93

1.12

10

--

Dona Paula

8394

4.91

2.87

25

--

Bhatlem

7666

4.49

2.62

23

11

--

Altinho

8189

4.79

2.80

24

--

Fontainhas

1920

1.12

0.66

--

City Centre - INOX

- Caf Bhosle

2940

1.72

1.0

15

Patto

6347

3.72

2.17

19

44

10

Miramar

8256

4.83

2.82

24

--

11

Campal - St. Inez

6405

3.75

2.19

19

--

12

Ribander

9016

5.28

3.08

27

76547

44.81

26.14

228

66

60

Zone

Zone Name

TOTAL

18

Projected
Population
(2015)

Total Quantity
of
waste(MT/Day)

No. of
Compostin
g Stations

No. of Bulk
Compostin
g Units

Panaji is a bin free city so no secondary storage is proposed .However,

twin bin sets would be kept at Market places or other public places.
Required no. of Twin bin sets (60l capacity) = 100 numbers

19

Litter Bins with space for Advertisement

Household Waste
Waste transportation would be in conjunction with waste collection

CCP workers will transport the Biodegradable waste (on daily basis) and nonbiodegradable waste (twice a week) to the composting units/stations
They will transfer the same to 1.5m3 in mini tipper
Tipper will transfer the waste to 8m3 Refuse collector stationed at pick up points
Refuse collector will transport the waste from pick up points to ISWM site
Waste from Hotels/ Restaurants/ Guest Houses
2 Refuse Collectors of 8m3 capacity shall transfer waste directly to ISWM site
Waste from Municipal Markets
Waste from 1.1m3 capacity RC bins will be transferred to 3m3 capacity Refuse
collector which in turn will be transported to ISWM site directly
Waste from Beaches/Ferry Points (6 Beaches and 1 Ferry Points)

Waste from 240 l capacity bin will be transferred to 2m3 capacity Refuse
collector which in turn will be transported to ISWM site directly
20

Bio-degradable Waste taken to

Composting Station

240 liter HDPE Bin

Mini Tipper with Refuse

Collector (1.5 m3)

Primary Collection of waste

ISWM site

21

Refuse Collector (8 m3)

Unloading of waste from mini tipper

to Refuse Collector

Equipment
Mini Tipper with
Refuse Collector
Mini Tipper with
Refuse Collector
Refuse Collector
Refuse Collector

Description

Total Cost
(INR)

20

615000.00

12300000.00

2.0 m3 capacity

775000.00

4650000.00

3 m3 capacity

900000.00

1800000.00

8 m3 capacity (one as a backup)

1425000.00

9975000.00

1125000.00

1125000.00

GPS
Server
installation,
software application & Propriety
map etc.

--

--

2000000.00
(Lumsum)

GPS instrument including the

installation charges in vehicles

30

15000.00

Total
Total Cost with VAT @12.5%

22

Rate (INR)

1.5 m3 capacity

Cattle Lifting Vehicle

(with Chassis)

GPS/GPRS based
vehicle tracking
system

Nos.

450000.00
32300000.00
36337500.00

 Street Sweeping shall be done on day to day basis

4hrs in morning & 4 hrs in evening

Estimated quantity of street sweeping waste in 2015 (including drain silt)
= 7.79 TPD
Assuming density of street sweeping waste as 1MT/m3, quantity
= 7.79 m3
= 7790 litres
Total No. of workers required for street sweeping = 142
Required number of wheel barrows= 75
Other tools and equipments required for street sweeping

Brooms

170

Shovels

170

PPE requirements = Pair of gloves, pair of boots, safety masks

& uniform = 170
23

24

Contour Interval = 1.0m

25

26

27

Sl. No.

Description

Size / Nos.

1
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
14
15
16
17
18
19

Main Entrance Gate

Scale Room
Weigh Bridge
Parking Area
Laboratory Building
Security Office
Workshop Area
Wheel Wash Pit
Staff Quarters 12 Nos.
Administrative Building
Temporary Storage Shed (For SLF)
Ground Water Monitoring wells
High Mast Lighting
Street Lighting
Boundary Wall
Inner Road (9 M wide)
Inner Road (7.5 M wide)
Inner Road (6 M wide)
Storm Water Drain (1.2 M x 1.2 M)
Green Buffer of 30 M wide
Boundary wall around the staff quarters

5 m wide
4.17 m x 2.7 m
7mx3m
30mX10m
58 m2
3m X3m
40 m x 25 m
10m X4m
Total area 629 sq. m
Area 175 sq. m
20 m x 30 m
5 Nos.
16 Nos.
85 Nos.
1685 m length
392 m Length
2270 m Length
528 m Length
2297 M Length
1708 m Length
233 m length

20

Boundary wall along the approach road

325 m length on both sides = 650 m

Waste Processing is done to recover useful resource from waste and

minimize the quantity of waste going to landfills.
Types of Processing:

Aerobic Decomposition - Centralized Windrow Composting

The bio-degradable waste is reduced/ stabilized through biodegradation in presence of air to convert it to compost or soil
conditioner. The compost thus produced is rich in NPK values.

Material Recovery -

Material Recovery Facility (MRF)

Material Recovery Facility is proposed to recover non-biodegradable

material viz. sand/ silt, paper, plastics, ferrous/ non-ferrous metals ,
glass, and ceramics from waste

Brick Making
Brick making from C&D waste is through semi-automated system.
28 The brick making machine produces 800-1200 bricks/hr

The projected bio-degradable waste in 2015 is 56.49 MT/Day. Therefore,

compost plant of 50 MT/Day has been proposed.

Modules for composting can be added thereafter, depending upon the

availability of waste.

Windrow Composting is proposed at the Integrated Solid Waste

Management Facility 8 km. from Panaji city at Baiguinim Village of
Tiswadi Taluka

29

Refining
Section

Curing
Section

30

31

Pre-Processing
Feed Material
Material Properties
Incoming Garbage

Inoculants Addition
Moisture Addition

::-

City Garbage
Segregated MSW

:-

50 Tons (84 Cum)

Processing
Stage I
(i)Sanitization @ 55-65 0 C for Two Weeks
Ist Heap / Windrow formation
:40 Tons (55 Cum)
(Moisture :- 55 %)
II nd Heap / Windrow Turning
(Moisture :- 55%)
:35 Tons (50 Cum)
(ii) Decomposition @ 45-55 0 C for two weeks
IIIrd Heap / Windrow Turning
(Moisture :- 55%)
:30Tons (36 Cum)
IV th Heap / Windrow Turning
/ Shifting (Moisture:- 55%)
:27.5Tons (27.5 Cum)
Shifting in Rain Shed

:-

25 Tons (25 Cum)

13 Tons
(Reject)

15 Tons
(Reject)
(Gases +
Moisture)

Stage II
Feed Material
Material Properties

::-

Digested Compost (from Yard)

Moist, Lumpy, Heterogeneous,
Sticky

Coarse Segregation
Lump Breaking, opening up,
segregation and screening of fine
Material (Below 35 mm)

:-

25 Tons (25 Cum)

Screening and separation of

Material (Below 14 mm)

:-

20 Tons

:-

12.5 Tons (11.25 Cum)

Oversized Rejections
(for recycling or sanitary Landfilling)

33

(18 Cum)

5 Tons
(Reject)
7.5 Tons
(Reject)

Contd

..

Stage III
Feed Material
Material Properties

::-

Screened Material (Below 14 mm)

Moist, Lumpy, Sticky

Curing
Shifting of Material to Curing section
For further digestion/maturation &
Moisture management

:-

12.5 Tons (11.25Cum)

Addition of Rock Phosphate, mixing

& Turning. Shifting of material to
Refinement Line

:-

10 Tons (9 Cum)

34

2.5 Tons
(Gases +
Moisture)

Contd

..

Stage IV (Compost Refinement Section

Feed Material
Material Properties
Refinement
Screening and Separation below 4 mm,
Oversized rejections sent for
re-sanitization
Separation of heavy impurities
Such as sand, glass, stones etc.

::-

Screened Material (Below 14 mm)

Moist, Sticky

2.5 Tons
:-

10 Tons (9 Cum)

(Reject)
0.5 Tons

:-

7.5 Tons (6.75Cum)

Stage V (Value addition &Packing)

Standardization & Quality Control
Mixing of Additives (Liquid / Granules)
To improve quality of end products

0.5 Tons
:-

7.0 Tons (6.3Cum)

:-

7.5 Tons (6.75 Cum)

Storage
Finished goods packing and shifting

35

To storage section

Area Requirement
Processing Facility
Tipping & Pre-processing Area
Compost Pad Area
Compost Refinement
Plant & Machineries
Control Room
Office
Laboratory
Curing
Section
Finishing Section / Godown

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

600 m2 (Covered)
4000 m2 (Covered)

:
:
:
:
:
:

7500 lit
12500 lit
1533 Sq.m
1000 Sq.m
1000 Sq.m
536 m length

150 m2
20 m2
40 m2
40 m2
180 m2
300 m2

Other Facilities
Underground Water Tank
Leachate Collection Tank
Green Belt
Free Space for Demonstration
For Future Expansion
Roads
Water line, Tube well & Spraying System
Public Utility & Drainage System

36

Area Requirement for Windrow Arrangement

No. of windrows (Provided)

Shape of the windrow

Height of the Windrow
Bottom width of the windrow
Space between adjacent windrows

:
:
:
:

37

160 (Sufficient for 18

days)
Triangular
2M
4M
3M

Preparatory Section

Refinement Section

Feeder conveyor

Vibro sieve

Trommel - 35

Destoner

Acceptance Conveyor

Drag feeder

Reject 35 Conveyor

Elevator

Trommel-14

Packing elevator

Acceptance Conveyor - 2

Hydraulic Power pack

Reject 14
Transfer Conveyor - 3

Rotary sieve
Rejection Belt
Packing chute -1
38

39

Pipes for supply of air through Compressor

40

The components of Material Recovery Facility are:

Manual sorting conveyor with Vibro Feeder.

Auto feed conveyor
Magnetic separator
Air Classifier
Belt Conveyor
Belt conveyer to cyclone
Air density separator with air lock
Recycle belt conveyor
Belt conveyor

41

Magnetic
Separator
Incoming
NonBiodegrad
able
Waste

Dryer
Tipping
Area

Manual

Feeding
Conveyor

Air
Classifier

Sorting
Ferrous
Metals

Paper / Plastics

Storage Room

Cyclone
Classifier
Bailing
Room

Glass / Ceramics
Weigh Bridge

Bailing
Room

Storage Room

Storage Room
Storage Room
Market for Sale

Fully Automated Material Recovery Facility

Small
Plastic Bags

Dryer

Hopper

Sand

Conveyor

Paper

Screening
Machine

Small plastic
bags

Separator

Conveyor

Trommel

Incoming NonBiodegradable Waste

Tipping
Area

Magnetic

Double
Deck

Plastic Caps/
Bottles

Air
Classifier

Ferrous
Metals

Bailer

Glass/
Ceramics
Manual
Plastics

Electro-magnetic/
Eddy Separator

Sorting

Glass

Ceramics

Brick Processing Facilities:

Item Description

Quantity

Crusher cum Grinder

Conveyor belt with 2 HP motor & feeder bin

Pan mixture
Brick making machine
Electrification within plant (cable, panel, wiring)
& outside plant including 100 HP load
transformer
DG Set
Erection & Commissioning
Machinery Foundation
Hydraulic pallet trolley
Wheelbarrow
Tools & standard accessories

1
1
1

44

1
1
Brick making machine

02
04

Proposed MSWM Components

Sanitary Landfilling has to be done for inert/ non-biodegradable waste
Rejects from compost plant, street sweeping waste, drain silt are sent to scientifically
engineered landfill. It is proposed that in Panaji, landfill shall be designed for 5 years
timeframe and landfill development shall be done in phases. Landfill shall be divided into 6
phases.

Land area at Landfill site

Design Year considered for Landfill Design =

2015

Landfillable Waste

25813 M.Tonnes (5 years)

sufficient beyond 2040

City of Panaji features a tropical monsoon climate. Therefore,

Day-wise sub-cells

Week-wise sub-cells

Month-wise sub-cells, and;

45

Year-wise sub-cells have been proposed upto 2015.

Sanitary Landfill

The Engineered Sanitary Landfill shall comprise of following facilities

apart from Common Facilities at ISWM

Leachate collection sump

Area for daily cover material

Gas monitoring well

Embankment

Green belt

Monitoring Well

Storm Water drain

Roads and pavement in the service

area with cross drainage works and
storm water drains

46

First Aid Medical Unit

Bottom Layer 600mm

(k-unit of permeability)

Compacted Clay/Amended Soil

k10-7 cm/sec

Geo Synthetic Membrane

1.5 mm thick

Protective Layer (Sand)

200 mm

Drainage Layer 300 mm

Granular Soil k>10-2 cm/sec

Waste Layer

Gas Collection Layer 450 mm

Granular Soil

Barrier Layer 600mm

Compacted Clay/Amended Soil

k10-7 cm/sec

Surface Layer 450 mm

Closure layer every day and final closure when cell is full.

47

Top Soil

48

49

GAS COLLECTION
LAYER

50

GASS VENT PIPE

IMPERVIOUS BARRIER
SURFACE LAYER

LEACHATE COLLECTION LAYERLEACHATE COLLECTION

PIPE

LINERS

51

52

53

Particulars
A

Waste Collection, Storage and Transportation System

Collection
Storage
Transportation to site/plant
Sub-total of above
Integrated Solid Waste Management Facility
Common facilities at ISWM site
Cost of the Compost Plant
Cost of the Material Recovery Facility
Collection, Storage, Transportation & Processing of C&D waste
Bio-Medical Waste Processing Facility
Cost of the Sanitary Landfill Facility (for use during the first 5
years)
Bio-remediation of the Curca Dumping Site

Total Outlay
(Rs in lacs)
119.4
60.21
363.37
542.98
815.52
379.38
119.30
102.00
278
437
280

Sub-total of above

2411.2

SUB-TOTAL OF A& B (A+B)

2954.18

Contingencies @ 3% on A to B

CAPITAL COST (C+D)

54

88.63
3042.81

Particulars

Total Outlay
(Rs in lacs)

Preparing of Detailed Project Report @1.5% of E

45.64

Capacity Building , IEC @ 5% of E above

152.14

Efficiency @ 1% of E above

30.43

Innovative Approach @ 1 % of E above

30.43

Incentives (F+G+H+I)

258.64

Third Party Project Monitoring and Evaluation @ 5%

of E above

152.14

TOTAL COST OF THE PROPOSED SCHEME (E+J+K)

3453.58

Other Costs

55

TOTAL COST OF THE PROPOSED SCHEME IS 3453.58 LACS

Success of MSW management depends on community participation,

effective system design and operational efficiency. It is proposed to

achieve these through IEC & Capacity Building through following tools:

Group meetings
Workshops
School Activities
Skit/ Street plays
Billboards, etc.
For awareness creation, tools like newspaper, media (radio/local cable),
print media and street plays shall be used.

Capacity Building & Training to MSW staff and public representatives.

56

Collection of Waste
Door to Door Collection - Households to be levied a certain fee
Transportation
Transportation of waste to landfill site Tipping Fee
Compost Plant

O&M of the compost plant will be the responsibility of the CCP / Pvt. Agency / NGO
O&M cost at Landfill
If O&M given to Pvt. Agency, tipping fee would be levied from CCP
User Charges/Meeting O&M
User charges in form of conservancy tax can be levied to reduce financial burden on
State Finance Commission
Levy of taxation: This can be levied to start with at the rate of Rs. 15 to Rs. 20 per
household/month (say, Rs. 20 month* 13581 households * 12 months=Rs. 32.60
lacs/annum). This tax, if levied, should be stratified based on income groups.

57

 Up-gradation of the MSW management system in conformity to MSW

Rules 2000

Conversion of biodegradable waste to value added Compost

Environmental Improvement and quality of life / health of the citizens
of Panaji

Improvement of financial burden/efficiency/accountability through

PPP

Awareness Generationon w.r.t MSW among citizens and workers of CCP

through IEC

Improvement in CCP finances through systematic introduction of timebound reform agenda

58

59