BLOWOUT PREVENTER

Why Blowout Preventer are used?

Kick : An influx of formation fluid into the wellbore
Blowout :

An uncontrolled flow of well fluids and/or

formation fluid from the wellbore or into lower pressured
sub-surface zones (underground blowout)

Blowout Preventer : An assembly of valves attached

to the casing head that allows the well to be sealed to
confine the well fluids in the wellbore.
Blowout preventer are of two typesi) Annular BOP
ii) Ram BOP

CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF

BOP
Selection of BOP determined by the following factors:

Maximum anticipated surface pressure.

Size of casing, casing hanger, bit and other drilling tools to
be lowered through the BOP stack.

Space available between top of cellar pit and bottom of

rotary table.
Matching flange connection according to the size and
pressure rating of wellhead flange.
Service conditions.

BOP SPECIFICATION
Standard Sizes of BOP:
71/16, 9, 11, 135/8, 16, 18, 21, 26, 28,
291/2, 30
Size refers to - ID, Nominal Diameter, Through bore
Rated Working Pressure (RWP):
2M, 3M, 5M, 10M, 15M, 20M
The maximum pressure that the equipment can withstand
(contain) and control.
Shell Test or Manufacturer Test or Body Test:

Only once in the factory

2M, 3M, 5M 2 TIMES the RWP
10M and above 1.5 TIMES the RWP

BOP SPECIFICATION
Closing Ratio

Min. Pr. Required to close =

Opening Ratio

Min. Pr. Required to open =

Well Bore Pressure

Pr. Required to close
RWP
Closing Ratio
Well Bore Pressure
Pr. Required to open
RWP
Opening Ratio

RAM BOP
Ram Preventers are designed to seal the annulus
by forcing two front packing elements which make
contact with each other and seal around the object
in the well bore.
Pipe Ram : It seals around the well bore and the
fixed size of pipe.
Blind Ram : It seals around the well if no pipe in the
well bore.
Variable Bore Ram : It seals around several pipe
sizes depending on the range of variable bore ram.
Shear Ram : It shear the pipe in the well and seal
the wellbore simultaneously.

BASIC BOP OPERATION

CLOSING OF RAM BOP

Top seal energized by well bore
pressure at sealing surface of the
ram body

Opening
chamber

Front packer sealing against pipe

Closing
chamber

Well Pressure

CLOSING OF RAM BOP

TOP SEAL

STEEL PLATE

STEEL PLATE PUSHED BY

OTHER SIDE PACKER
STEEL PLATES

RAM BLOCK

PACKER RUBBER

Well Pressure

BLOCK ASSEMBLY

BLOCK ASSEMBLY

HYDRIL RAM PREVENTER

CAMERON RAM PREVENTER

RAM BOP SPECIFICATION

RAM BLOWOUT PREVENTER
MAKE

MODEL
U-PIPE

CAMERON
U-SHEAR

MANUAL LOCK PIPE

MANUAL LOCK SHEAR PIPE

HYDRIL

MULTI POSITION LOCK PIPE

MULTI POSITION LOCK SHEAR

PIPE

SL w/14"

BORE SIZE(INCHES)
7-1/16
11
13-5/8
11
13-5/8
7-1/16
7-1/16
11
11
13-5/8
13-5/8

MAX. WORKING
PRESSURE(PSI)
ALL
15000
15000
15000
15000
3000/5000
10000
3000/5000
10000
3000/5000
10000

CLOSING RATIO(C.R)
6.90:1
9.80:1
10.60:1
15.20:1
10.80:1
4.80:1
7.70:1
6.00:1
6.90:1
4.80:1
10.20:1

OPENING RATIO(O.R.)
2.20:1
2.20:1
3.60:1
3.70:1
4.50:1
1.50:1
1.70:1
2.00:1
2.40:1
2.10:1
3.80:1

11
11
13-5/8
13-5/8

3000/5000
10000
3000/5000
10000

5.60:1
11.70:1
10.10:1
10.20:1

4.20:1
4.00:1
4.70:1
3.80:1

7-1/16
11
13-5/8
13-5/8

3000/5000
10000
5000
10000

5.40:1
8.20:1
5.20:1
10.60:1

1.60:1
1.70:1
2.10:1
3.80:1

11
11
13-5/8
13-5/8
7-1/16
11
11
13-5/8
13-5/8

3000/5000
10000
3000/5000
10000
10000/15000
10000
15000
5000
10000

6.00:1
12.40:1
10.60:1
10.60:1
13.90:1
7.11:1
7.11:1
10.85:1
7.11:1

4.20:1
4.00:1
4.70:1
3.80:1
7.14:1
7.62:1
2.80:1
10.02:1
2.14:1

ANNULAR BOP
A large circular valve used to control wellbore fluid.

Rounded Elastomer with reinforced steel segments

Deforms the rubber radially inwards and seals
Can close around different shapes such as square and
hexagonal kelly, drill collars, tool joint etc including wire line.
Can not close on stabiliser, bit and under reamer.
Can close on open hole.

ANNULAR BOP
Piston Indicator Hole

Wear Plate
Element Segment
Packing Element
Latched Head
Opening Chamber
Piston
Closing Chamber
Piston Seals

CLOSING SEQUENCE OF ANNULAR BOP

ANNULAR BOP SPECIFICATION

ANNULAR BLOWOUT PREVENTER
MAKE
MH KOOMEY

HYDRIL

MODEL

BORE SIZE(INCHES)
N

GK

GL

CAMERON

SHAFFER

MAX. WORKING PRESSURE(PSI)

7-1/16

5000

7-1/16

10000

7-1/16

5000

7-1/16
11

10000

11

10000

13-5/8

5000

13-5/8

10000

13-5/8

5000

7-1/16

3000/5000

7-1/16

10000

11

3000/5000

11

10000

13-5/8

3000/5000

13-5/8

10000

7-1/16

3000/5000

7-1/16

10000

11

5000

11

10000

13-/58

5000

13-5/8

10000

5000

FUNCTION TEST
Performed
operations

to verify

the

components

intended

The test should be conducted when the drill string is

inside casing
Function test should be carried out alternatively from
main control unit/derrick floor panel/auxiliary panel
Actuation time of each equipment should be within
the limits specified by API RP53
Recorded final accumulator pressure after all the
functions should not be less than 1200 psi or 200 psi
above the pre charged pressure of accumulator which
ever is maximum
At least once in a week

FUNCTION TEST PROCEDURE

Record initial Accumulator pressure
Turn off both electric and pneumatic pumps
Close Annular BOP and Pipe Ram BOP and
open HCR one by one
Wait till pressure is stabilized
Record the closing time (closing time starts from
turning the control lever till pressure stabilized)
Turn on electrical/Pneumatic pump and open all
the preventer
Record the opening time
Record final Accumulator pressure
Record all the results in the prescribed format

BOP FUNCTION TEST REPORT

RIG

DATE

WELL
PROJECT

BOP STACK DETAIL

1. Annular BOP
2. Single & Double ram type BOP
3. Upper pipe ram size
4. Lower pipe ram size

Sl. No.

Description

1.

Annular

2.

Lower pipe

3.

Upper pipe

4.

Blind/Shear

5.

Hyd. Valve on
Choke line

6.

Hyd. Valve on
kill line

Function Time Accumulator

Initial Pressure

Accumulator
Final Pressure

Remarks

BOP PRESSURE TEST

(i) Low Pressure Test : 200 300 psi should be applied for a low
pressure test and the period is at least 5 minutes.
(ii) High Pressure Test :
High pressure test for RAMS and auxiliary equipment
High pressure test to rated working pressure of RAMS BOP and
auxiliary equipment OR rated working pressure of your wellhead. Select
the lower number. For example, you BOP is rated for 5000 psi and your
wellhead is rated for 3000 psi. Your high pressure test for the RAMS
BOP and auxiliary equipment must be only 3000 psi.
Pressure duration at least 5 minutes.
High pressure test for Annular Preventer
High pressure test should apply to 70% of rated working pressure or
RAMS test pressure. Select the lower number. For example, you test
your ram at 3000 psi and the annular working pressure is 5000 psi. You
need to test your annular to 3000 psi (70% of annular RWP is 3500
psi).Pressure duration at least 5 minutes.

BOP PRESSURE TEST

PRESSURE TEST
To check the integrity of all the joints in BOP stack,
BOP seals and Valves.
Clear water is considered as the best test fluid
A stable low test pressure as well as stable high test
pressure should be maintained for at least 5
minutes.
PRESSURE TEST FREQUENCY
Prior to Spud or upon Installation
After repairs Limited to the affected component
Not to exceed 21 Days

TEST EQUIPMENT

PRESSURE TESTING
CUP TESTER

TEST PLUG

The cup of the tester gives

effective sealing in the casing

Designed to seat in well head

and seal

Limited to 70-80% of the burst Can be tested up to RWP of

of upper part of casing
Ram BOP
Yield strength of drill pipe may Different makes of well head
limit the test pressures. rams
have different types of test
plugs

Can not be used to test blind/ Blind/ Shear Blind Rams can
shear blind
be tested.

BOP PRESSURE TEST

1. Run-in 2-3 stands of HWDP
2. Make-up Test Plug
3. Make-up 1 single of 5 D/P
4. Make-up Kelly
5. Open McEvoy valve and keep it in open position
6. Make-up 2 hole fill-up line
7. Close Annular or Ram BOP (whichever is tested)
8. Flushed all the lines(through choke manifold)
9. Start pump and raise pressure to 200 psi
10. Wait for at least 5 mins, observe if any pressure drop.
11. If positive, check for any leakage
12. If negative, increase pressure to 300 psi
13. Repeat step 10 and 11, if negative
14. Increase pressure in increment of 100 psi up to the desired value and repeat
step 10 and 11 after every increment
15. Record the test readings
16. Bleed off pressure.

PROJECT:
RIG:

TEST FLUID- WATER/NITROGEN

WELL NO.:
DATE:

TEST EQUIPMENT- TEST PUMP/CEMENTING UNIT

Sl. TYPE OF BOP
TEST PRESSURE & DURATION
No.
Low Pressure Duration High Pressure
Annular BOP
Upper pipe ram
Lower pipe ram
Blind/Shear ram

Choke manifold
Kill manifold
Hyd Valve on choke line
Hyd Valve on kill line
HP Valves on choke & kill
manifold
UKC
LKC
FOSV
Inside BOP

Duration

Rem
arks

IMPORTANT POINTS
Prior to conducting Pressure Test inform every single person
on Rig i.e. Pre-operation meeting
Do not allow any person to go near cellar area or below
derrick floor
Before conducting test, discuss with DIC
Take care test plug properly sit on well head, preferably test
plug and well head make are same.
Make sure McEvoy valve is opened before conducting test, as
casing will get pressurized if closed and leakage is there.
Anchor 2 hole fill-up line properly before conducting test
Conduct test in presence of at least one experience person
If pressure test is conducted with test plug, take care of
Riser(as test plug might get stuck during pulling out). Conduct
test, if possible before R/up of Riser.