Cycle #2 Exam

Review
A Review Game!

The
the
(a).
(b).
(c).
(d).

dispute between Shiite and Sunni began over

the proper role of eschatology in Islam
the definitive version of the Quran
the moral acceptability of secular poetry
the choice of caliphs to succeed Muhammad

Ashoka Maurya is responsible for which religion's

expansion beyond India and into many parts of
Southeast Asia?
(a). Christianity
(b). Buddhism
(c). Jainism
(d). Hinduism

The Byzantine emperor Justinian preserved Roman customs in which

of the following ways?
(a). He unified the Byzantine Empire by making the Roman Catholic
Church the official state church when the Western Roman Empire
crumbled.
(b). He codified Roman legal principles in the Justinian Code, even as
those principles fell out of use in the West.
(c). He pursued an aggressive foreign policy of conquering the
Germanic tribes who held the Western Roman Empire.
(d). He mandated the use of Latin in all official government
documentation and commercial transactions in the Eastern Roman
Empire.

In 630, the prestige of Islam was increased and

many tribes converted when
(a). Muhammad completed the Hijra, i.e., his flight
to Medina
(b). Muhammad removed the idols from the Kaaba
(c). Muhammad took control of Mecca
(d). Muhammads revelations from Allah through
the Archangel Gabriel were finally compiled into the
Quran

In its current form, the Manusmriti (laws of Manu)

(a). was probably written during the Mauryan
Empire
(b). is an attempt to mitigate the social inequality
of the caste system
(c). preached gender equality in religious practice
but not in economic matters
(d). is an attempt to validate the high caste position
of the Brahmans

The Four Noble Truths are most closely associated

with
(a). Hinduism
(b). Buddhism
(c). Jainism
(d). Christianity

Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade in order

to
(a). destroy Jewish populations in Europe
(b). restore Catholic Christian access to the Holy
Land
(c). regain political power lost due to the Great
Schism
(d). open Western European access to African
trade routes

Compared to the sizes of the Byzantine, Islamic, and

Persian Empires at the peaks of their powers, the
Holy Roman Empire was
(a). substantially larger
(b). substantially smaller
(c). approximately the same size
(d). larger than the Persian Empire, but smaller
than the Islamic and Byzantine Empires

Examples of agricultural technologies introduced in

Medieval Europe included
(a). horse collars, soil supplements, and
domesticated oxen
(b). the plow and irrigation
(c). the three-field system and irrigation
(d). the plow, the three-field system, and horse
collars

All of the following constitute major changes during

the Umayyad Dynasty of the Islamic Empire EXCEPT
(a). the two main sects of the Islamic faith (Shia
and Sunnis) emerge
(b). the capital moved from the religious site of
Mecca to Damascus
(c). Zoroastrianism briefly became the official
religion during the Umayyad reign
(d). Muslims advance into Europe by way of the
Iberian peninsula

Baghdad became a world cultural center and the seat

of major advancements in the arts and sciences
during a golden age in the early to mid-ninth century
C.E. in which of the following dynasties?
(a). Abbasid Dynasty
(b). Umayyad Dynasty
(c). Fatimid Dynasty
(d). Merovingian Dynasty

The fall of the Umayyad Dynasty was most closely

associated with which of the following?
(a). Inability to defend its borders from attack by
Mongols
(b). Widespread outbreaks of disease carried by
way of the Silk Road
(c). Internal conflicts due to the emergence of a
religious divide between Shiite and Sunni Muslims
(d). None of the above

The Quran was compiled in the mid-seventh century

C.E. and had a major effect on the treatment of
women in Islamic society. All of the following
represent changes in women's rights EXCEPT
(a). men could have only one wife.
(b). infanticide was strictly forbidden in Islamic
society.
(c). men could no longer keep dowries if they
divorced their wives.
(d). women were considered equal before Allah.

Which of the following was NOT true of European

women's experience in the Middle Ages?
(a). Women played an important role in local
commerce in some economies.
(b). Womens monastic groups provided an
alternative to marriage.
(c). A growing literature stressed women's roles as
assistants to and comforters of men.
(d). Women led religious services.

Hagia Sophia was

(a). burned and looted, destroying the library
within, when Mongols sacked Constantinople
(b). a prayer recited by Orthodox Christians,
which contributed to the Schism within the
church
(c). a relic of Saint Sophia stolen by Muslim
invaders of Constantinople
(d). a huge church built during Justinian's
reconstruction of Constantinople

Which of the following states a valid conclusion about the relationship

between feudalism and manorialism?
(a). The system of manorialism provided a political structure for
medieval society, whereas feudalism provided the culture systems.
(b). The political system of feudalism provided serfs ownership of their
land, while manorialism provided protection to lower levels of society.
(c). Feudalism provided protection and land to the lower levels of
society, while the system of manorialism allowed for economic activity
to support higher levels of society.
(d). Knights paid rent to their lords in exchange for protection, and
lords gave food to the knights.

Which of the following is the most true comparison of the

Islamic and Hindu cultures?
(a). Hindu culture highlighted the egalitarianism of all
believers, compared to the strict social structure of the Islamic
conquerors
(b). Islamic culture highlighted the egalitarianism of all
believers, compared to the strict social structure of the Hindus
(c). The Hindu were more evangelical than the Islamic culture
(d). The Islamic culture was more open and tolerant of a
variety of faiths

The Islamic Golden Age began with

(a). the rise of the Ottoman Empire as the Mongol
Khanates began to fall apart in the fourteenth century
(b). the rise of the Abbasid Caliphate, when the capital
relocated from Damascus to Baghdad
(c). the extension of the Silk Road into China under
the Han Dynasty
(d). the Mongol conquest of Baghdad, bringing the
collected wisdom of Genghis Khan to the Arab World

Which of the following statements about the development of

Buddhism and Christianity is most accurate?
(a). Neither founder presented himself as divine during his
life.
(b). Both faiths relied heavily on texts written by their
founders.
(c). Neither faith's followers faced persecution for their
beliefs.
(d). Both grew from other religions and developed monastic
orders.

"Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi, conquered the Kalingas eight years

after his coronation. One hundred and fifty thousand were deported, one
hundred thousand were killed and many more died (from other causes).
After the Kalingas had been conquered, Beloved-of-the-Gods came to feel a
strong inclination towards the Dhamma, a love for the Dhamma and for
instruction in Dhamma. Now Beloved-of-the-Gods feels deep remorse for
having conquered the Kalingas."
The excerpt above from the Rock and Pillar Edicts of Ashoka Maurya explain
his decision to convert to which of the following religions?
(a). Hinduism
(b). Christianity
(c). Judaism
(d). Buddhism

Magyars and Vikings in the ninth century C.E.

shared which of the following characteristics?
(a). Roman Catholic faith and strong
allegiance to the pope
(b). Naval strength and navigational skill
(c). Raiding by tribal bands for resources and
political power
(d). The abolition of slavery

Within a century after Ashoka's death,

(a). Buddhism virtually disappeared in India
(b). Chandragupta established his capital at
Patna
(c). India fragmented into small warring
states
(d). Alexander the Great conquered northern
India

Under the reign of Justinian, the Byzantine Empire

flourished. Which of the following Byzantine cities
competed with the Islamic city of Baghdad for cultural
supremacy of trade and the arts?
(a). Athens
(b). Rome
(c). Constantinople
(d). Jerusalem

During the Gupta Empire of India, women's rights

deteriorated and
(a). girls as young as six or seven were married
to guarantee their purity
(b). lost the right to own or inherit property
(c). could not participate in sacred rituals or
study religion
(d). all of the above

One of the greatest differences between

Hinduism and Buddhism is the former's
emphasis on
(a). personal development
(b). the caste system
(c). reincarnation
(d). one supreme being

The Vedic religions

(a). were practiced predominantly within the Roman
Empire
(b). considered reincarnation incompatible with a
focus on hard work
(c). featured monotheism, as did Judaism
(d). contributed to the development of India's caste
system

Monotheistic Zoroastrianism shares its

origins as a belief system with which
polytheistic faith
(a). Christianity
(c). Hinduism
(c). Judaism
(d). Islam

The establishment of the Hanseatic League (1241

C.E.) was significant because it
(a). held exclusive rights to trade along the Silk
Road
(b). organized to become the first joint-stock
company
(c). set a precedent for large, European trading
operations
(d). comprised nearly 50 port cities along the
Mediterranean Sea

The spread of Islam and the spread of Christianity were

similar in that members of both religions
(a). ascribed to a monotheistic view in which the only way to
salvation is through the rejection of all other beliefs, both
sacred and secular
(b). actively strived to convert members of other belief
systems
(c). were required to make a journey to the Holy Land once
in the course of their lifetimes
(d). believe that their main prophet (Jesus for Christians,
Mohammad for Muslims) was the one true son of God

Orthodox Christianity split from Roman Catholicism

in 1054 C.E. in part due to the Orthodox
(a). more legalistic, or law-centric," interpretation
of scripture
(b). belief in papal infallibility
(c). belief in the Virgin Mary
(d). practice of allowing priests to marry

Which of the following is true about the declining

role of women in the Islamic Abbasid era?
(a). Men were permitted to have more than one wife.
(b). Abbasid caliphs instituted harems in the court.
(c). Women were kept secluded from civil life.
(d). All of the above.

The Islamic ummah was

(a). the name given to the group of clergy of the new
faith
(b). the writings which explained Muhammad's
dreams, which a sub-sect of Islam is based upon
(c). the name given to the battle which resulted in
Muhammad's successful return to Mecca
(d). the concept of community of believers which
transcended clan boundaries

The Roman and Abbasid Empires each declined

largely as a result of
(a). increasing reliance on mercenary armies
(b). the spread of Islam
(c). invasions by borderland Mongols
(d). extended famine

Which of the following was NOT a major effect of

movement along the Silk Road?
(a). The use of a common language among the
countries along the road
(b). The spread of epidemic diseases throughout
Europe and Asia
(c). The transmission of artistic influences among
cultures
(d). The exchange of religious ideas between the East
and West

The Islamic Empire, which coincided with the

beginnings of Islam, was ruled by which form
of government?
(a). Oligarchy
(b). Democracy
(c). Theocracy
(d). Monarchy

Civilizations in the Middle Ages were marked

almost globally by all of the following EXCEPT
(a). population growth
(b). intolerance towards other faith systems
(c). technological innovation
(d). growth of economies beyond subsistence
farming

Following the collapse of the Roman Empire, Western Europe was

largely in disarray until the rise of the early Frankish kingdoms. The
founding of the Carolingian Dynasty represented a significant event
for European politics because
(a). it maintained a common culture and unified state against
conquest from Muslim invasions in the Iberian and Italian peninsulas
(b). led to the legitimacy of the Roman Catholic Church's approval
in political rule
(c). established the basis of what would eventually become the Holy
Roman Empire
(d). all of the above

The martyrdom of St. Thomas Becket was the

culmination of a dispute between Henry II and the
church over
(a). the jurisdiction of the secular courts over clergy
(b). the Lay Investiture Controversy
(c). the power to appoint bishops
(d). royal taxes on church lands

A hadith is a
(a). Seljuk tax on Christian residents of Anatolia
(b). a genre, or type, of erotic Persian poetry that
is still written today
(c). Mamluk cavalry soldier
(d). story about Muhammad that carries the force
of law

Which statement is true regarding the First Crusade?

(a). The Crusaders attacked the Jews because of their
reputation as moneylenders.
(b). It marked the first time that Jews were
systematically persecuted in Europe.
(c). Until this time, Jews had integrated well into
European society.
(d). Attacks on Jews were an aberration, as European
attitudes toward heterodox people were becoming
more liberal by the century.

Which Byzantine emperor was responsible for

the Corpus Iuris Civilis (Body of Civil Law)
codifying Roman law?
(a). Justinian I
(b). Leo III
(c). Alexius I
(d). Constantine XI

The papal reform movement of the 11th and early

12th centuries is most closely associated with
(a). Pope Gregory VII
(b). Pope Alexander II
(c). Pope Francis
(d). Pope John Paul II

By the early fourth century C.E., the Empire of

Axum on the Red Sea had
(a). converted to Islam thanks to the efforts of
missionaries
(b). risen to become the chief trading power in
Africa
(c). adopted Christianity as its state religion
(d). slipped into economic decline

The Roman and Han Empires traded via which of the

following?
(a). The Silk Roads
(b). The Triangular Trade Route
(c). The Strait of Gibraltar
(d). The Suez Canal

Signed in 1215 C.E., England's Magna Carta was a

document that
(a). established England as a monarchy under
King John
(b). guaranteed individual liberties to all men
(c). contained articles that were the foundation
for modern justice
(d). increased the wealth of the Scottish nobility

All of the following are the five Sunni pillars of the

Islamic faith EXCEPT
(a). confession of sins
(b). pilgrimage to Mecca once during a lifetime
(c). prayer five times a day
(d). profession of faith

Which of the following is an example of how Muslim

culture influenced Western Europe in the era of the
Crusades?
(a). Castle fortifications
(b). The game of chess
(c). Coffee
(d). All of the above are examples of ways in which
Muslim culture influences Western Europe.

Which of the following is an example of Islamic

influence in Spain?
(a). The Royal Chapel of Granada
(b). The Alhambra
(c). The Royal Palace of Madrid
(d). The Hagia Sophia

The Middle Ages introduced which of the

following unique governing systems to western
Europe?
(a). Parliaments
(b). Guilds
(c). Monarchies
(d). Manors

Which two Classical civilizations would face

attacks from Huns and end by 600 C.E.?
(a). Rome and China
(b). China and India
(c). Rome and India
(d). Greece and India