SEMINAR

PRESENTATION ON
WATERFLOODING AS
AN ASPECT OR
IMPROVED WELL
STIMULATION
PRESENTED BY:
KASALI HAMMED . T
DE.2008/1171

Table of Content:

Introduction
Secondary Recovery Method
EOR method
Waterflooding
History of Waterflooding
Reasons for Water Injection
Displace Oil with Water

Waterflood As An Aspect of Improved

Well Stimulation
In the search for oil and gas. It has been
discovered that not all the oil and gas are
recovered through primary oil recovery method.
Primary drive only gives 20% of the oil in the
reservoir and while secondary recovery method
gives 40% or more of the oil in the reservoir.
When its is noticed that primary energy are not
sufficient to drive oil out of the reservoir;
secondary enhanced method is introduce.
Waterflooding is then used to enhance the
recovery of oil from the reservoir

Secondary Recovery Method

Enhanced Oil Recovery is abbreviated

EOR.
Its a generic term techniques used for
increasing the amount of crude oil field.
EOR is also called Improved Oil Recovery
or Tertiary

EOR Method includes (Types)

Waterflooding
Chemical method
Miscible method
Thermal method

Waterflooding

Injection of water into the reservoir

Increases reservoir energy

Sweep oil towards producing well

Most widely applied secondary recovery method

Accounts for about 50% of U.S. oil production

History of Waterflooding

First recorded waterflood in Pennsylvania

Water projects in oklahoma and Texas

Waterflood increases the amount of oil recovered

from the reservoir in two days
Pressure maintenance (maintain high well
productivity)
Displacement of oil in water

Reasons for Water Injection

Pressure Maintenance
Maintain pressure above the bubble point to prevent:
1.
Gas breakout which reduces shrinkage factor and
maintain oil viscosity
2.
Relative permeability: Gas saturation increases IPR
(Improved Production Rate)
Water Drive
Push water towards the production wells, usually done when
peripheral wells cease to be productive. It shift water
from low permeability regions

Displace Oil with Water

Use injector producer pattern to sweep oil from

the reservoir.

Primary Recovery not efficient.

Waterflooding yield additional production.

Flood Configuration

Waterflooding pattern are characterized by the

configuration of the injection and production
wells.
Several basic flood pattern will be presented in
this section

Pattern in which flood are injected

Repeatable flood pattern
Line drive
4-spot
5-spot
7-spot
9-spot

CONCLUSION

This is the cheapest and common

well stimulation used all over the
world

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