SBEC 2132

CONSTRUCTION TEKNOLOGY IV
TITILE:
CHANGI AIRPORT

LECTURER:
EN. SYAMSUL HENDRA
BIN MAHMUD

PREPARED BY:
TEE SHI HONG
A12BE0075

SUMMARY OF CHANGI AIRPORT

Airport type : Public / Military

Owner : Government of Singapore[1]

Operator : Changi Airport Group (S) Pte.Ltd.

Serves : Singapore
Location : Changi, East Region

Coordinates: 012133N 1035922E

TERMINALS OF CHANGI AIRPORT

TERMINALS 1
The oldest terminal operated as the sole terminal from its opening on 1
July1981 right up until the opening of Terminal 2 nine years later.

Configured in a H-shaped layout to maximize the number of aerobridges

which may be built

The refurbishment includes the installation of a two-part kinetic sculpture,

Kinetic Rain, billed as the largest kinetic sculpturein the world.

TERMINALS 2
Terminal 2 opened on 22 November 1990 as part of Phase II in the original airport
masterplan.

Deploying a linear configuration parallel to the runways, it is located adjacent to

Terminal 1 towards the south, and heralded the opening of the original skytrain
system linking the two terminals via the landside.

TERMINALS 3
Terminal 3 became operational on 9 January 2008.
Designed by CPG Corporation,[48] with Skidmore, Owings and Merrill
designing the roof feature[49] and interior design by Woodhead.

PROJECT JEWEL OF CHANGI

AIRPORT
A new mixed-use complex will be developed on the car park site
fronting Terminal 1 (T1) and will optimise the use of the 3.5hectare plot of land. It was announced in August 2013.

The complex is being designed to be architecturally iconic , with

a stunning glass and steel facade.

Terminals 1, 2 and 3, Project Jewel will serve as a node linking

the three terminals, improving inter-terminal connectivity.

RUNWAY OF CHANGI AIRPORT

Changi Airport has two parallel runways, 02L/20R and 02C/20C, each 4,000 by 60 m

(13,123 by 197 ft).02L/20R was completed and opened in 1981 as part of the airport's
first phase. The closed-space parallel runway was in used. It is asphalt road.

A new parallel runway 02R/20L (named 01/19) was built 1.8 km to the east of

02C/20C, currently used only by Republic of Singapore Air Force aircraft as part of
Changi Airbase (East). The existing Runway 3, currently used by the military, will be
extended from 2.75 km to 4 km to handle larger passenger aircraft. Almost 40 km of
new taxiways will also be built to connect the runway with the current airport. New
facilities such as navigation aids, airfield lighting systems and a fire station will need to
be built as well.

RUNWAY SHOULDERS

CHANGI AIRPORT RUNWAY

TAXIWAY
Changis 30m wide taxiways exceed A380 requirements.
Taxiway pavement at turning junctions are being widened to provide
additional safety distance between A380 outer wheels and taxiway
edge.

Existing paved and turfed taxiway shoulders support A380 operations.

TAXIWAY SHOULDER
Combination of paved and turfed taxiways is in use.

AIRFIELD SEPARATION DISTANCE

Changis runways, taxiways and airfield objects are designed with adequate safety
separation to meet A380 requirements.

200 m

> 101 m

57.5m

RUNWAY MARKINGS
This is similar to road markings and signs to guide drivers on roads and
highways. Runway markings are white so that they are conspicuous from the
black/grey pavement for easy recognition

whereas taxiway markings are yellow.The yellow markings that are found on
the runway are markings that are extended from the centre of the runway
onto the Rapid Exit Taxiways (RET). Pilots will use these markings as a
guide to exit the runway after touchdown.

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER

The Air traffic control tower (ATC) was constructed as part of Phase One
of the Changi Airport redevelopment plan and it is 80 meters high.

Providing air traffic services.

To guide the aeroplanes in and out of the airport.
To ensure aeroplanes land and take off safely at the seventh busiest airport
in the world.

CHANGI AIPORT TRAFFIC CONTROL

TOWER

AEROBRIDGES
3 aerobridge arms for more
efficient access.

1st airport in the world to

use 3rd aerobridge arm for
Direct Upper Deck Access.

APRON FACILITIES
Pre-arrival equipment staging area
enlarged by around 30%.

Fuel hydrant pits adjusted to suit A380

refuelling inlets.

Ground handlers acquiring new equipment

for servicing the upper deck directly.

Aircraft docking guidance systems

configured for A380 use.

AIRCRAFT MAINTAINANCE
Six aircraft hangars, capable of full aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul
is operated and managed by SIA Engineering Company at Changi Airfreight
Centre and a single hangar by SASCO/ST Aerospace.

It includes a 20,000 m2 (215,300 sq ft) column-free hangar at SIA

Engineering Company.

Hangar 1, which was the world's largest when opened in 1981.

AIRFIELD LIGHTING
White lights line the runway in the direction of the planes approach, while yellow
lights can be found towards the last 900 metres of the runway to provide pilots with
visual warning that the aircraft is approaching the end of the runway.

Red lights will be found towards the last 300 metres of the runway as they
symbolize danger. These serve as a reminder to pilots that the plane is fast
approaching the end of the runway and it is important to gain altitude for takeoff/landing.

The edges of the taxiways are blue while green lights line the centre of the
taxiways.

APPROCH LIGHT

GROUND HANDLING
Ground handling services are handled by two companies: Singapore Airport
Terminal Services (SATS) and Dnata.

SATS is the dominant player with close to 70% of the market in the airport.

GROUND TRANSPORTATION
Changi Airport was built with ground-transportation considerations in mind
from the onset, with the East Coast Parkway built and opened in tandem
with the airport, providing a direct link to the city centre. At a distance of
about 20 km ,the expressway was built almost entirely on reclaimed land;
thus, minimizing disruptions to the existing road network in Singapore's East
Coast.

INTER-TERMINAL TRANSPORTATION
The Changi Airport Skytrain operates between
Terminals 1, 2 and 3, with a total of seven stations. The
trains have separate cars for air-side (transit) and landside (public) passengers. Initially built in the early 1990s
as a shuttle between Terminals 1 and 2 using
Bombardier Innovia APM 100, the system was
revamped to use the Crystal Mover in 2006 and
extended to Terminal 3 in 2007. The service is free of
charge and operates between 5:30 am and 2:30 am daily.

REFERENCE
Wikipedia, Changi Airport, 2014,Available at
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Changi_Airport

Wikipedia, Runway,2014, Available at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runway

Mr Andy Yun, Singapore Changi Airport Preparation For & Experience
With the A380,2014, Available at
http://www.aci.aero/Media/aci/file/2008%20Events/ASQ%20Speeches/Y
UN_presentation.pdf