Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MANAGEMENT
Types of assessment
o Initial or Rapid Assessment-response stage
o In-Depth or Sectoral Assessment-long term recovery (15days-1month)
o Impact Assessment
o Needs Assessment
Identify the most urgent relief needs and potential methods of providing
them most effectively;
o Make recommendations which define and set priorities on the actions
and resources needed for immediate response
o Highlight special concerns regarding the development of the situation
o Draw attention to geographical areas / substantive sectors needing indepth assessment
o
Impact Assessment
o process of collecting information on the magnitude of the disaster and
the extent of its impact on both the population and infrastructure of the
society
o The area affected by location and size
o Causes of causalities and damage
o Human loss and causalities
o Damage on infrastructure and environment
o Environmental, health and sanitation threats
o govt and other agencies and their activities and capacity
Needs Assessment
o the level and type of assistance required for the affected population
o identifies resources and services for immediate emergency measures to
save and sustain the lives of the affected population.
o Needs that can be met from within the community and require external
assistance
o conducted at the site of a disaster or at the location of a displaced
population.
Assessment Process
Human loss and damage
o
o
o
o
Deaths
Permanent disabilities
Major injuries
Minor injuries and missing
Assessment Methodology
o Informal discussions
o Secondary sources
Damage to housing
o
o
o
o
Data assessed
o Geographic location
o Urban / rural
o Size
o Typology on the basis of design and structural
system
o Types of ownership & functional usage
o Average dwelling size,no. of inhabitants per
dwelling
o Status of house
Assessment Methodology
o Village Transect- comparative overview of different parts of community
Habitat Mapping
Photographic Information
Household level Survey-Two types
Damage category and types of construction
materials
Environmental damage
o
o
o
o
o
o
Landform change
Change in natural drainage
Soil degradation
Destruction of vegetation
Water contamination
Loss of flora and fauna
Methodology
o Resource mapping
o Village Transect
o Village survey
Damage to Livelihood
o Loss to means and assets
o Employment and Income
Methodology
o Wealth Ranking
o Occupational network analysis
o Livelihood survey-nature of assets like land, house, livestock
Health Damage
Due to site conditions, population concentration,
contaminated water, lack of sanitation, lack of
nutrition, etc
Methodology
Community Health Surveillance: type, magnitude and pattern and trend
of health problems through monitoring
o Mobility map for health services
o Health Risk Mapping
o
Methodology
o Listening and observing
o Symptom prevalence matrix
o Case card
Women in Disaster
SHELTER RECONSTRUCTION
STRATEGY
Recovery
shelter/housing
Self
recover
y
Emergency
shelter
Early
Recover
y shelter
Types
dispersed settlement
o
May not exist in affected areas
o Relocated people are scattered
o difficult to keep track and provide services
o Can reinforce social isolation
mass sheltero
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Cheaper
May not exist in affected areas
they can quickly become overcrowded
sanitation and other services can become overburdened
equipment and structure can be damaged
buildings are no longer available for their original purpose
lack of privacy and increased protection risks.
difficult to keep track and provide services
Can reinforce social isolation
Prefabricated
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Modular,Standard specifications
Can be built in large quantities offsite
Easy to keep track of relocated people
Can be used for collective relocation (preserving social networks)
Requires available, safe, and undisputed land
Low quality and lack of comfort
Often built in inconvenient locations, far from original homes
If use is prolonged, risks degrading to a slum
Adequate housing
o legal security of tenure
o availability of services, materials, facilities, and infrastructure
o affordability
o habitability
o accessibility
o location
o cultural adequacy.
Onsite reconstruction
Approaches
o
o
o
o
o
Cash Approach
Owner driven approach
Community-Driven Reconstruction
Agency-Driven Reconstruction in-Situ
Agency-Driven Reconstruction in Relocated Site
Essential prerequisites
o Training of trades people and homeowners
o Technical assistance and construction supervision
and inspection
o Updating and enforcement of building codes and
construction guidelines
o Mechanisms to regulate prices and facilitate access
to building materials
o A system for providing financial assistance in
installments as construction progresses
/contractors
Design, materials, and expertise are likely to be
imported from outside the community.
The community may or may not be consulted
on certain aspects of the project, such as house
designs.
Lack of control over quality, and opportunity to
participate in specific tasks.
agency hires a construction company
Reconstruction Process
Planning
o understanding the context and impact of the disaster
o understanding the regulatory framework and establishing methods of
coordination
o understanding funding teams and timescales
o determining which method of assistance is most appropriate
o establishing partnerships with other stakeholders in order to provide
assistance
o recognising natural hazards which pose a future risk
o capturing the objectives, timescales, resources and risks in the
programme plan
Design
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Construction
o
o
o
o
o
Relocation
o Rebuilding in new site voluntarily or involuntarily.
Happens when
o When the old location is subject to a natural hazard
o When the old location is completely destroyed and to move the debris
o new plotting in the old settlement is inconvenient for rapid recovery and
housing purposes
Unsuccessful
o
o
o
o
o
o
Mitigation