STRATIGRAPHIC TRAP SYSTEM

InfralineEnergy

Petroleum System Components

Source Rock Source of hydrocarbon rich of
organic materials
Reservoir Rock place of hydrocarbon to migrates
and accumulated porous and permeable
Seal Rock Fluid Insulator impermeable
Trap prevent hydrocarbon escape due to migration

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Stratigraphic Trap

Types of Petroleum Trap

Structural Trap
Stratigraphic Trap
Hydrodynamics Trap
Combination Trap

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Stratigraphic Trap

Stratigraphic Traps
The term stratigraphy basically means the
study of rocks strata and their variations.
Stratigraphic traps occurs when the
hydrocarbon accumulated due to the change
of rock characteristic rather than faulting or
folding.

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Stratigraphic Trap

TYPES OF STRATIGRAPHIC
TRAP :
Pinch out trap
Unconformity trap
Reef trap

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Stratigraphic Trap

Pinch Outs
In a typical coastal plain, the sediments are deposited with a
slight dip down into the basin (ocean).
A sandstone pinch-out or wedge in a shale layer will trap any
petroleum rising up the dip of the sandstone in a landward
direction
An up-dip plug may block the upward flow of petroleum in an
otherwise excellent reservoir rock. The plug is formed when
impermeable muds are deposited in channels cut through a
lower reservoir layer, forming a barrier or dam.

Unconformity Trap
An unconformity is a break in the depositional sequence of
rocks.
If the underlying beds were tilted, eroded, and then covered
with flat-lying impermeable rocks, then oil and gas may be
trapped at the unconformity.
The reservoir may be capped by almost any fine grained
sedimentary rock type, but commonly by shale or evaporates

Oil and gas

Reef
Reef have vital characteristics to be petroleum trap:
They have great porosity excellent reservoir
They are commonly very well sealed.

As the reef is buried in the subsurface and a greater thickness

of loose sediments is deposited on the sides and on the top of
the reef Sediment Compacted
More compaction occurs in the thicker sediments along the
flank of the reef, a broad anticline forms in the sediments over
the reef Reef trap formed

Reef Trap

Seismic example of
reef trap

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Stratigraphic Trap

Environment
Fluvial Environment

Meandering Stream
Braided Stream

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Stratigraphic Trap

Environment
Fluvial Environment (Meandering Stream)

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Stratigraphic Trap

Environment
Transitional Environment

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Stratigraphic Trap

Environment
Coastal Reef Environment

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Stratigraphic Trap

Reserve and Potentials in Indonesia

Proven Reserve
Peciko Field, Mahakam Delta
Widuri Field, SE Sumatera Basin
Belida Field, West Natuna Basin
Kurau Field, Malacca Strait
Kasim Jaya Field, Salawati Basin, Papua

Potential Field
Ancient Bengawan Solo Channel
Bengawan Solo Delta

Mahakam
Delta

3 D-Seismic Model of
Fluvial Meandering,
Natuna

Bengawan
Solo Delta

Ancient Bengawan
Solo Channel

Challenge
Commonly, stratigraphic trap have indistinct
border than structural trap on seismic
profile Need a special expertise to identify
Need a special technique and higher
technology to explore Higher Cost
Economic Value due to capacity constrains
Some stratigraphic trap have a smaller
localities than structural trap

References
Allen, et all. 2006. The Deliberate Search for the
Stratigraphic Trap. London: The Geological Society
Special Publication
Plummer, Mc Geary, Carlson. 1999. Physical Geology.
New York: McGraw-Hill Companies
Koesoemadinata, RM. 1987. Geologi Minyak dan Gas
Bumi. Bandung: Penerbit ITB
https://www.slb.com/~/media/Files/resources/oilfiel
d_review/ors97/win97/traps.pdf
http://pages.geo.wvu.edu/~jtoro/petroleum/17_stra
t_traps.pdf