KC11501 - PRINSIP LUKISAN

KEJURUTERAAN
Md. Mizanur Rahman
School of Engineering and IT
Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Kota Kinabalu, Sabah,

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PROJECTION

The figure of view formed by joining, in correct sequence, the

points at which these lines meet the plan is called the projection
of object.

PROJECTORS

The lines or rays drawn from the object to the plan are called
projectors.

PLAN OF PROJECTIONS

The transparent plane on which the projections are drawn is

known as plane of projection..

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PERSPECTIVE OF PROJECTION

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PRINCIPLE OF
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW
FRONT VIEW
The front view of an object is
defined as the view that is
obtained as projection on the
vertical plane by looking the
object normal
to its front
surface. It is the usual practice
to position the object such that
its front view reveals most the
important feature.
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TOP VIEW
The top view of an object is
defined as the view that is
obtained as projection on the
Horizontal plane by looking the
object normal to its top surface.

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SIDE VIEW
The side view of an object is
defined as the view that is
obtained as projection on the
profile plane by looking the
object normal to its side
surface. As there are two side
for an object viz. left side and
right side two possible side
views. The left side view and
right side views may be
obtained.
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Dimensions

Length of the top view is the same as length of the

front view

Height of the side view is same length as height of

front view

Width of the view is the same as the width of the side

view

Each view gives two dimensions

Front view gives length and height

Top view gives length and width

Side view gives height and width

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Pictorial Projection
The projections in which the description of the object is
completely understood in one view is known as Pictorial
View

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ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
ORTHO mean right angle and ORTHOGRAPHIC means
right angle drawing. When the projector are perpendicular
to the plan on which the projection is obtained, it is
known as orthographic projection.

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VERTICAL PLANE
Extend the rays or projection further to meet a vertical
plane (VP) located behind the object. Join the points at
which the projectors meet the plane, in correct sequence.

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HORIZONTAL PLANE
Horizontal plane is hinged perpendicular to VP such that
the object is in front of VP.

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XY Line
The line of intersection of VP and HP is called the
reference line and denoted as XY.

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To obtain the projections on the drawing sheet
It is convention to rotate the HP through 900 in clockwise
direction so that it lies in the extension of VP.

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The top view along with HP is rotated through 900

and occupies the position vertically bellow XY line.
Now the two projections FV and TV may be drawn on
the two dimensional drawing sheet shown in the
figure.

Front View
VP

r
HP

Top View
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Surface which are parallel to the direction of vision will

be seen as tines and edges parallel to it will be seen as
points in orthographic views
If the surface is parallel to a plane, its projection on
that plane will show its free shape and size.
Rhombus and parallelogram shown in the pictorial
views are square and rectangular surface respectively
in orthographic view
The curved surface of an object when views normal to
it appears as rectangular in orthographic view
Ellipse in pictorial view represents circle in orthographic
view.

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Thanks You

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Problem 1:

Title : Cycloid and Involute

Draw a cycloid of a rolling circle of radius 65 mm and also draw

tangent and normal of the cycloid at any arbitrary point N on it.

Problem 1:

Draw the involute of a regular pentagon of side 40 mm.

Marks Distributions
Sheet preparation (margin, title box, scale, cleanliness, etc 10%
Drawing
-- 50%
Labeling
-- 20%
Line and dimension
-- 10%