For Easter College

High School Students

 The

Social Sciences
The Definition of History
The Process of Recording History (DGAUR)
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.

Develop a framework.
Gather data.
Analyze sources and data.
Understand the meaning and relevance
of data.
Reconstruct history.

Continuation

 Primary

Sources are eyewitness accounts of

a historical event either written or said by

people who have experienced or who have
lived in a certain period of time.
Secondary

Sources are those based on

primary historical sources like textbooks,

review of literature, and similar materials.
These sources may be:
ORAL e.g. interviews and songs
WRITTEN e.g. diaries and books

1.

Artifacts/ Remains
2. Fossils
3. Folk Culture
4. Interviews, Memoirs, and Journals
5. Local Histories and Historical
Narratives
6. Published Materials and
Documents

 1.

It expands our knowledge.

2. it help us analyze and evaluate valuable
lessons from historical events.
3. It is instrumental in forging unity and
cooperation among nations.
4. It develops mastery in other skills.
5. It helps us understand people and societies.
6. It helps us understand and appreciate our
present society.
7. It allows us to reflect to become better
people.

 1.

Geography
2. Political Science
3. Economics
4. Sociology
5. Psychology
6. Ethics
7. Religion
8. Philosophy
9.Anthropology

 Prepare

Study

for a short quiz tomorrow

well see you tomorrow! =)

GEOGRAPHY - Literally means, Earths

description
- The science, which treats of the world and its
inhabitants.
- A description of the earth, or a portion of the
earth, including its structure, features,
products, political divisions and the people
by whom it is inhabited.
POLITICAL SCIENCE role of politics and
government in the society
ECONOMICS focuses on the efforts of
individuals to meet their needs with the
limited resources of their environment.

SOCIOLOGY deals with the relationship of

individuals with their immediate community,
surrounding institutions, and prevailing social
systems.
PSYCHOLOGY focuses on the different types of
characteristics and personalities of man.
ETHICS deals with moral standards.
THEOLOGY/ RELIGION studies the nature of
God and His relation to man and the universe.
PHILOSOPHY study of the concept of truth or
the principles that explain the behavior,
views, and nature of the individual and the
world.

ANTHROPOLOGY study of human beings in

relation to distribution, origin,
classification and relationship of races,
physical characteristics, environmental and
social relations, and culture.
HISTORY AND SOCIETY history of a country
reveals its origins and how its culture,
traditions, and language emerged and
developed.

 The

Pearl of the Orient Seas

Most ethnically diverse country in Asia
One of the two predominantly Christian
countries in Asia
An ARCHIPELAGO located in SOUTH EAST ASIA
Situated along the PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
Made up of approximately 7,107 islands.
3 main island groups:
- LUZON (Regions I to V, NCR and CAR)
- VISAYAS (Regions VI to VIII)
- MINDANAO (Regions IX to XIII and ARMM)

 Capital:

MANILA
Largest City: Quezon City (population);
Davao City (area)
National Language: FILIPINO
Currency: Philippine Peso
Staple Food: Rice
National Anthem: LUPANG HINIRANG
Motto: Maka-Diyos, Maka-Tao, MakaKalikasan, Maka-Bansa

1.

The Philippines has the worlds

longest discontinuous coastline.
2. Manila Bay is the Finest Bay in
Asia.
3. San Juanico Strait is the Worlds
Narrowest Strait.
4. The Philippine Deep is believed to
be the deepest area in the world.
5. Banaue Rice Terraces is one of the
Eight Wonders of the Modern World.

6.

Mount Mayon has a Nearly Perfect

Cone Shape similar to Mt. Fuji of
Japan.
7. Mt. Apo is the highest mountain in
the Philippines.
8. Cagayan River is the longest river
of the Philippines.
9. Laguna de Bay is the largest lake.
10. Taal Volcano could be considered
as the Worlds smallest volcano.

 1.

MA-YI (The Land of Gold)

2. MANIOLAS (Claudius Ptolemy)
3. ARCHIPELAGO OF ST. LAZARUS
(Ferdinand Magellan)
4. LAS PHELIPINAS (Ruy Lopez de
Villalobos)
5. FILIPINAS (Spanish Era)
6. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS (American Era)
7. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES (1946)

THE ORIGIN OF THE PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO

1. Myths and Legends
- in the Philippines, Malakas at si Maganda
- Sicalac and Sicabay of the Mt. Province

2. The Creation (Quran and the Bible)

- Created by a Supreme Being or God.
- details of mans creation is in the book of Genesis
3. Scientific Theories
A. Big Bang Theory refers to the conception
that the whole universe started out as a huge
mass of very hot and very dense matter.

B. Plate Tectonic Theory

- all seven continents came from one

supercontinent named Pangaea and because of

heat or pressure building up underneath,
Pangaea has to split apart and the eventual
formation of oceans, mountains, volcanoes, and
other landforms were formed.
C. Asiatic

Theory

- according to Dr. Leopoldo Faustino, the islands

were formed through the process of
diastrophism.
*** DIASTROPHISM = the movement of the earth
that results in the formation of continents,
mountains, and other geographical features.

D. Pacific Theory/ Volcanic Theory

-

According to Bailey Willis, geologist, PI

were formed as result of volcanic
eruptions under the Pacific Ocean some
200 million years ago.
This phenomenon caused the splitting of
rocks followed by the waters surrounding
them. This happened also in Japan,
Taiwan, Indonesia, Solomon Islands, and
New Zealand. These countries form the
Pacific Ring of Fire which has 250
volcanoes around this region.

E. Land Bridges Theory

- Land bridges between continents are a
common geographical feature during the
Pleistocene period (Ice Age) some 1.8
million years ago.
- However, Dr. Fritj of Voss, a German
geologist, said the Philippines was never
a part of mainland Asia as proven by the
scientific study on the thickness of the
earths crust (just like in China) which
does not stretch to the Philippines. Only
Palawan was a land bridge that
connected Borneo to Mindoro.

 The

National Territory: Article 1 of the 1987

Constitution
3 Main Parts

1.
2.

3.

The Philippine Archipelago with all the islands

and waters embraced therein.
The terrestrial, fluvial, and aerial domains
over which it has sovereignty and jurisdiction,
including its territorial sea, the seabed, the
subsoil, the insular shelves, and other
submarine areas.
The waters around, between, and connecting
the islands of the country.

 The

Archipelagic Doctrine (1974 1976): This

is an imaginary line that determines the size
and breadth of the territorial sea which a
country occupies.
The territorial sea of the Philippines based
on this doctrine runs at 200 miles or
approximately 321 kms, which is recognized
by the UNCLOS.
On February 27, 1984, in an International
Conference, the Phils. was given privileges
which includes the following:
1. Ownership of all the minerals, petroleum,
seabed, and insular shelves within the 200
miles of the EEZ.

2. An additional 93 million hectares of territorial

sea is under Philippine sovereignty including
an EEZ.
3. The implementation of the international law
on the Archipelagic Doctrine.
- because of this law, measures were taken
to prevent a country from taking advantage of
another countrys natural resources.
The Claim to Sabah and Spratlys
By history, Sabah was owned by a Sultan of Sulu
but leased it to a British company. In 1963, the
British government granted independence to
Malaysia, and transferred its rights to the
Malaysian government.

The Spratlys Islands are being claimed by

China, Vietnam, Malaysia and Taiwan. The ICJ
of the UN is still in the process of studying how
the ownership of these islands will be resolved.

3 Ways to Determine the Location of a Country

1. Absolute location is identified through the
latitude and longitude of a country. Our
country is located between 4 23 and 21 25
north latitude and 116 and 127 south
latitude.
2. Vicinal location is identified based on its
neighboring countries.
3. Insular or Continental location is based on
the bodies of water around it.
a. Continental within a continent
b. Insular separated by the surrounding
waters.

 Shape:

archipelago with 7,107 islands

(2,700 of these are named)
north to south distance 1,840 km
widest area 1,000 km
Area: 300,000 sq. km.
Climate: Tropical climate because its
near the equator. Seasons are dry and
wet season
3 Periods of the Philippine Climate
1. Hot and dry March to May
2. Hot with rainfall June to November
3. Cold and dry December to February

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Island land formation surrounded

by water.
Plain wide stretch of flat land.
Valley flat stretch of land found
between two mountains.
Plateau flat stretch of land on top
of a mountain.
Mountain Ranges group or chain of
mountains

6. Mountain land formation that

reaches 1000 meters or more in
height.
7. Volcano a vent on the outer
crust of the earth which in time,
may spew lava and fire from
under the earth.
8. Hill a land formation that is
smaller than a mountain

1.

2.
3.
4.

Ocean wide body of water that spans a huge

portion of the surface of the earth and
surrounds the land formations. Example:
Pacific Ocean
Sea smaller body of water than the ocean.
Example: South China Sea
Lake has fresh water and is surrounded by
land. Example: Laguna de Bay
Bay body of water that is only partially
surrounded by land, and has an opening where
water from the nearby ocean passes through.
Example: Manila Bay

5. River can either have fresh water

or salty water and it flows toward
the sea. Example: Cagayan River,
Agusan River
6. Falls the water from this body of
water rushes down a steep land
formation. Example: Maria Cristina
Falls in Lanao
7. Spring body of water that flows
underneath the earth, usually at
the foot of a mountain. Hot springs
can be found near volcanoes.