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CRUISE CONTROL
SYSTEM
# Cruise control systems
maintains the speed of a vehicle
at a level set by the driver,
without having to use the
accelerator.

* The main developer of cruise control was

ralph teetor, who was a mechanical engineer
and had his first patent for the design of
speed cruise control device in 1945.
* It took him a while to make it suitable for
commercial use and was first used in 1958 in
a chrysler.
*cruise control device is more common in
american manufactured cars than european
cars as the roads are straighter and longer .

* European car manufactures like BMW, Audi,

Mercedes-Benz are developing adaptive cruise
control which uses radar to follow the car infront
while maintaining a safe distance from the car.
* fig

* Cruise Control is a System , which

automatically controls the speed of an
automobile.
* ie, the driver sets the speed and the system
will take over the throttle of the car to maintain
the speed.

* In congested traffic where speed vary it is no

longer effective .

* In long highway journeys, usually results in

better fuel efficiency .
* It is also known in some places as "poor man's
radar detector", as by cruise control, a driver who
otherwise tends to unconsiously increase speed
over the course of a highway journey may avoid a
speeding ticket.
* fig 3.1

* Cruise control system may or may not need to be

turned on before use- in some design its always "ON".
* Most design have a separate "ON" switch for
activation which is steering mounted
* It is such that the driver should bring the car to
speed manually and then use a button to set CRUISE
CONTROL to the CURRENT SPEED.
* Most system do not allow the use of cruise control
below certain speed limit.

* Most system cannot be turned off automatically,when the driver

hits the brake or clutch.the cruise control is in effect, the throttle
can still be used to accelerate the car.
* fig 3.2

# NOW LET US SEE INDIVIDUAL FUNCTIONS OF

EACH CRUISE CONTROL SWITCHES:

1. The ON/OFF buttons really don't do much, just to

activate and deactivate.
2. The SET/ACCELERATE button tell the car to maintain
the speed you are currently driving.
3. If recently disengaged the cruise control by hitting
brake or clutch pedal, hitting the RESUME button will
accelerate the car to the most recent speed setting.
4. Holding on to the COAST button will cause the car to
decelerate , just as if you took your foot completely off
the gas,will cause the car toslow down by 1km/hr.

* Here it automatically adjust the vehicle speed to

maintain a safe following distance.
* The new system can automatically adjust speed in
order to maintain a proper and safe distance between
the vehicle in the same lane.
* It consist of forward looking radar to measure the
distance from the forward vehicle ,

Toyota is the first to introduce ACC system on

a production vehicle using laser beam system,
NISSAN followed by radar based system .

* fig 4.1

* Lidar(light

detecting and ranging,the laser

based analog to radar) is less expensive to
produce and but performs poorly in rain and
snow.
fig 4.2

The main components of typical radar based

are:
1. Fusion Sensor
2. Headway control unit
3. Throttle
4. Brake
5. Dashboard display

*Its a combination of Sensors and Processors.

The main components consisting are:
1. Millimeter-wave radar
2. Stereo camera
3. Image processor
4. Fusion processor

fig 5.1

* It is a method used for detecting the position

and velocity of a distant object.
* It has a forward range of 500 feet.
* It is placed behind the radiator grille.
* The sensor receives signals that are ref lected
back from the object in the roadway .

*Velocity and range is derived by measuring the

Doppler frequency shift and time of f light of
transmission range is calculated using the
formulae:
C=2*R/T
Where C is the velocity of light.
R is the range.
T is time of f light of
transmission
*The inform is then fed into a microprocessor
inside the pasenger compartment .

* Radar based can "see" atleast 150 meters

ahead in fog and rain but sensor based suffers
significantly in poor weather conditions.
2. STEREO CAMERA
* Its function is the same, as that of the radar,
detection of cars and other objects in the
roadways.
* Its view reaches to a distance of 60 meters.
* It is situated by the rear view mirror.
* It is able to produce good estimate of range.
* The lane markings are also detected by
processing images from camera .

3.IMAGE PROCESSOR
*It act as an intermediate between the stereo camera
and the fusion processor.
*It is situated by the rear viewing mirror,along with
stereo camera and data fed into the fusion processor.

4.FUSION PROCESSOR
*It is also known as Data fusion.
*It is a collection of datas and the technique for
combining all measurements which are provided by
the sensors.
*Its major benefit is object identification.

HEADWAY CONTROL UNIT

*Main function of this headway control unit is that
"IT HAS A CONTROL ON THE BRAKES AND
THROTTLE"
*It makes necessary adjustments to brakes and
throttle that would allow maintaining safer distance
with the vehicle infront.

*It also gives warning, when any sudden object enters

the roadway .

Fig 5.2

*The next generation of cruise control sysem is called

Co-operative adaptive cruise control {CACC} is already
being under test in california.
fig 6.1

*Co-ooperative system allows two or more system to

communicate and work together to avoid collision.
*Within a decade or so, the drivers of the most
advanced cars will only have to steer.
DEMERITS OF CRUISE CONTROL SYSTEM
*The only demerit of cruise control system is that it is
not applicable in wet and slippery roads, it is adviced
to turn off in the above condition .

fig 7.1

*The problem is that cruise control will continue to

accelerate as it tries to maintain a constant speed, it
will put your car into a side way spin cause the vehicle
to f lip over.

This seminar has described about th cruise control

systems that are commonly seen in luxury cars now a
days.Fully autonomous cars is probably not viable in
the foreseen future.The Intelligent Vehicle Initiative
in the US & Ertico program in europe are among
dozens of groups working on technologies that may
sense the whole 360 degree view of the environment.
It will probably take decades, but car
accidents may eventually become almost as rare as
plane crashes are now.