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Lesson 4 Hazard Prevention & Control
Lesson 4 Contents
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2.
3.
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7.
8.
Objectives
Hazard Controls
Preventive Maintenance
Managing Change
Occupational Health Program
Emergency Planning
Contractor Safety
Management Review
Objectives
Learn to implement systems to eliminate or
prevent hazards.
Learn about different types of hazard controls:
Preventive maintenance and managing change
Emergency planning, occupational health programs,
and contractor safety
Hazard Control
Some control measures are more effective than
others at reducing the hazard.
Be aware of the different types of controls
available and the benefits and limitations of
each.
Each of the SHMS models introduced in Lesson
1 require the implementation and maintenance of
hazard controls for risk reduction.
Hazard Control
The first consideration for controlling hazards is
to eliminate the hazard or substitute a less
hazardous material or process.
An example of this method is utilizing a waterbased paint rather than a solvent-based paint.
This control measure minimizes flammable
vapors as well as eliminates health concerns
associated with solvent-based paints.
Hazard Control
When it is not possible to eliminate a
hazard, you should control the hazard
using the following methods (in order):
Engineering controls
Administrative controls
Personal Protective Equipment
Hazard Control
Isolate Hazard
Isolation of the hazard with interlocks, machine
guarding, welding curtains, and other mechanisms.
Redesign Workplace
Redesign of workstation to minimize ergonomic
injuries.
Poll Question #1
Hazard Control
If engineering controls are not feasible you
must then consider implementing administrative
controls.
Administrative controls
No physical changes
Limits daily exposure to hazards by
Adjusting work tasks or schedules.
Poll Question #2
Poll Question #3
Hazard Control
The most effective control measure = all three
hazard control types.
For example, consider an operation that
generates silica dust.
A ventilation system may be installed to control dust
(engineering control),
Employees are trained and a sign is posted to warn
employees of dangers (administrative controls) and
Goggles are required to operate the equipment
(personal protective equipment).
Hazard Control
Scenario CHC Determines Hazard Control
CHC was awarded a contract to replace an exhaust
fan on the roof of a high school. Mary White sends a
copy of the JHA that was developed for this task (see
Lesson 3) so that the Operations crew can review and
develop the appropriate hazard controls.
The Operations Foreman, Jack McDonald, is
particularly concerned about the fall protection for the
roof where the work will be completed. He proceeds
through the hierarchy of controls to ensure adequate
protection to prevent falls.
Hazard Control
Hazard Elimination. Can this work be done
below 4 feet where fall protection would not be
required? The Operations crew agreed that the
work cannot be done below 4 feet, and therefore
engineering controls must be considered.
Engineering Controls. The Operations crew
reviewed the roof area where the work will be
conducted. There are no physical barriers such
as railings at the roof's edge and it is not feasible
to install them for this project alone.
Administrative controls were then considered.
Hazard Control
Administrative Controls. Fall protection warning lines
could be installed 6 feet from the roof's edge to warn
employees when they are close to it. Although this is not
a physical barrier, employees will be warned of their
proximity to the roof's edge. Additionally, one employee
will be stationed near the warning line when work is being
done close to it. Employees have been trained in safe
work practices to prevent falls.
Personal Protective Equipment. Some of the
employees will work in an area with a roof skylight that is
not guarded with railings. These workers will be
instructed to wear personal fall arrest equipment and
lifelines attached to an appropriate anchor point.
Preventive Maintenance
A breakdown of equipment in your facility may
cause hazards.
For example,
A pump that fails during the process of delivering
hazardous materials through your production facility
may create a hazardous condition.
The best way to prevent breakdowns or failures is to
monitor and maintain your equipment regularly.
Determine what hazards could occur if your equipment
is not maintained properly and plan to detect failures
before they occur.
Preventive Maintenance
Implement a written preventive maintenance
program,
Safety Equipment Examples - A confined
space entry gas monitor
Determine the intervals of required maintenance
on your equipment
Preventive Maintenance
Non-Safety Equipment Example.
Forklifts in your facility have daily and annual
inspection requirements. If there is any deterioration in
the hydraulic cylinders or tires the capacity rating
reduces and there may be a failure during a lift.
Establish a regular inspection on a preventive
maintenance schedule to keep these devices
operating safely.
Preventive Maintenance
When developing systems, be sure to include
one for Disciplinary actions that cover all
(employees, and contractors)
Poll Question #4
Manage Change
A management of change program ensures
that any modifications or additions to your
equipment or processes are understood and
controlled, and includes:
Updating relevant building or equipment
drawings,
Modifying safety procedures, and
Training employees on the changes.
Manage Change
Such a program is required for processes
that utilize highly hazardous chemicals that
are subject to the OSHA Process Safety
Management program (29 CFR 1910.119).
However, this program is beneficial for all
changes in your business, even if OSHA
doesn't require it.
Manage Change
Conduct an analysis of new equipment and
processes
Develop a system to conduct:
Comprehensive survey,
JHA, or
Other worksite analysis technique on new equipment
or processes
Manage Change
Example - Suppose your business introduces a
new raw material into the production process.
You must consider the following:
How the material will be stored and handled
What PPE may be required if engineering or
administrative controls are not effective at controlling
exposures
If appropriate eyewash and safety showers are
available, and
How to train your employees..
Poll Question #5
Emergency Planning
Effective planning for emergencies and
non-routine events is another mechanism
of controlling hazards and avoiding
employee injuries. You have already
learned about the legal requirements for
emergency planning.
Emergency Planning
Written Emergency Plan
Determine the actions that employees will take in the
event of a fire, chemical release or natural disaster.
Keep in mind those employees with disabilities,
language barriers and limited literacy.
Develop the written plan and train your employees
prior to an emergency. Don't forget unexpected events
such as terrorist acts or workplace violence.
List emergency contacts and ensure the document is
updated regularly to reflect current personnel. You can
find a template for writing Emergency Action and Fire
Prevention Plans on Department of Labors website.
Emergency Planning
Emergency Eyewash and Safety Showers
Install emergency eyewash and safety
showers where chemicals are used or stored
to provide quick flushing if an employee is
exposed to the chemical.
Pay close attention to areas such as battery
charging stations, maintenance operations,
and laboratories where corrosive materials are
often used and require prompt flushing to
prevent significant skin or eye damage.
Emergency Planning
Emergency Eyewash and Safety Showers
Include these units in your preventive
maintenance program. It's important to inspect
and flush the units regularly to verify operation
and to ensure the water lines are clear of
debris prior to emergency use.
Emergency Planning
Emergency Drills
Practice the elements of your emergency
action plan by conducting regular fire
and/or natural disasters drills.
Ensure that employees know how to
evacuate buildings, where to take shelter
and who will take headcounts.
Emergency Planning
Emergency Contacts
Post emergency numbers at centrally located
bulletin boards and update the list regularly to
reflect current personnel.
Ensure that employees who will operate
critical equipment following an emergency are
properly trained.
Emergency Planning
Local Emergency Responders
Coordinate your emergency planning with the
local emergency responders, such as the fire
department and/or hazardous materials
teams.
Invite them to your facility to teach them your
specific worksite hazards and to improve the
emergency response time.
Contractor Safety
Most companies hire contractors at some
time to perform specific tasks for which
their own employees may not have the
time or expertise.
It is in your best interest to ensure that
contractors at your worksite(s) are
appropriately trained and follow all safe
work practices.
Contractor Safety
Selection Criteria
Establish selection criteria for hiring contractors.
Consider the contractor's past performance in safety
and health during the bid process.
This may include requesting data from their OSHA 300
Log for several years.
Ensure that contractors have an effective safety and
health management program in place prior to entering
your worksite.
Contractor Safety
Oversight
Establish oversight, coordination and
enforcement to ensure the contractor safety
and health program is adequate and
implemented properly.
Verify that contractors comply with applicable
safety and health regulations by conducting
regular inspections of the area where the
contractors are working.
Contractor Safety
Establishment of Procedures
Develop appropriate entry and exit procedures
for the contractors.
If cigarette smoking is allowed on your
worksite, establish safe locations for contract
employees to smoke, keeping away from
storage of flammable or dust-explosive
materials.
Contractor Safety
Prompt Control of Hazards
Ensure prompt correction and/or control of
any hazards that are identified under the
contractor's control.
Consider penalties such as contractor
correction and/or contractor dismissal for
repeated noncompliance by contractors,
vendors or individuals.
Contractor Safety
Injury & Illness Reporting
Develop a system so that all injuries and
illnesses that occur during work performed on
a contract are reported to you or someone in
your company.
Poll Question #6
# of Injuries
(Last 3 Years)(a)
SHMS in Place?
Employee
S&H Training
Required?
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Conclusion
This is the end of Lesson 4, please take the posttest and complete the lesson evaluation form.
Sign up for Lesson 5 or any other sessions.
In order to get your certificate of completion for
this series, you must complete all 5 lessons.