MIL STD 1553 Seminar Condensed

Characterizing the Physical Layer of
MIL-STD 1553 Differential Bus Networks

Presented by:
Johnnie Hancock
Agilent Technologies
Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies
Objectives
Learn how to quickly verify the electrical/physical layer input and
output characteristics of MIL-STD 1553 differential serial buses
using a Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) with MIL-STD 1553
bus decoding and triggering capability.
Learn how eye-diagram mask testing can provide a composite
measure of the signal integrity of your MIL-STD 1553 differential
bus.
Agenda
MIL-STD 1553 Protocol & Timing Overview

MIL-STD 1553 Electrical/Physical Layer Requirements
Triggering and Decoding MIL-STD 1553 Serial Buses
Isolating Physical Layer Measurements on Remote Terminal
(RT) and Bus Controller (BC) generated Signals
MIL-STD 1553 Eye-diagram Mask Testing
Clock Recovery Technique
MIL-STD 1553 Protocol & Timing Overview
Word Length = 20 bits (3-bit Sync field, 16-bit content field, 1-bit parity field)
Word Types:
Command (Packets transmitted by BCs)
Status (Packets transmitted by RTs)
Data (Packets transmitted by BCs and RTs)
Baud Rate = 1 Mb/s
Encoding = Manchester II Bi-phase (except 3-bit Sync field)
Manchester II Bi-phase Encoding
NRZ Encoding
High during middle of bit time = 1
Low during middle of bit time = 0
Manchester II Bi-phase Encoding
High to low transition in middle of bit time = 1
Low to high transition in middle of bit time = 0
5
Message Formats (Master/Slave Relationship)

Example #1: BC to RT Transfers (BC sends data to RT)
A
A Packet - Command Word from BC to RTA = 0F w/ receive bit set: Get ready accept data.
B Packets - 5 Data Words transmitted from BC to RT
C Packet - Status Word from RTA = 0F: Got it!
A
B
C
Note: Signals probed at BC input/output test plane

6

Example #2: RT to BC Transfers (BC requests data from RT)
A
A Packet - Command Word from BC to RTA = 02 w/ transmit bit set: Send me data.
B Packet - Status Word from RTA = 02: Here it comes!
C Packets - 4 Data Words transmitted from RT to BC
B
Note: Signals probed at RT input/output test plane

7

Example #3: RT to RT Transfers (BC requests RT 2 to send data to RT 1)
A
A Packet - Command Word from BC to RTA 1 w/ receive bit set: Get ready accept data.
B Packet Command Word from BC to RTA 2 w/ transmit bit set: Send data to RT 2.
C Packet Status Word from RTA 2: Here it comes!

D Packets - N Data Words transmitted from RT 2 to RT 1
E Packet Status Word from RTA 1: Got it!
C
A
D
E
Scope waveforms not available
Note: Signals probed at RT2 input/output test plane

8
Primary Electrical/Physical Layer Specifications

Transformer Coupled
Direct Coupled
18 to 27 V p-p
6 to 9 V p-p
900 mV
300 mV
14 mV RMS
5 mV RMS
100 to 300 ns (10/90)
100 to 300 ns (10/90)
25 ns
25 ns
< 250 mV
< 90 mV
0.86 to 14 V p-p
1.2 to 20 V p-p
0.2 V
0.28 V
150 ns
150 ns
Terminal Output Specs

Voltage Swing
Overshoot
Noise
Transition Time
Zero Crossing Distortion
Output Symmetry
Terminal Input Specs

Voltage Swing
Input Rejection V
Zero Crossing Distortion
Other Important Timing Parameters

Intermessage Gap: 4 s (parity bit crossing to next sync edge)
Response Time: 4 to 12 s (parity bit crossing to next sync edge)
9
Measurement Test Planes
All terminals are transceivers.
Both output/transmitted and input/received signals are present at all

differential terminal I/O pins.
Making oscilloscope parametric and timing measurements on specific
transmitted or received words can be enhanced with intelligent oscilloscope
triggering.
Data Device Corporation Graphic
10
The Problem: Most of todays scopes trigger on simple

edge crossing conditions
Simple edge triggering cant differentiate between transmitted and received words.
External/synchronization signals are rarely available.
Resultant measurements and display are composites of ALL words.
11
Required MIL-STD 1553 Triggering

1
Input Measurements
Received signals at BC transmitted from RT1
Probe at BC
Trigger on Status Words from RTA = 1
Output Measurements
Transmitted signals at BC
Probe at BC
Trigger on Command Words
Received signals at RT1 transmitted from BC

Probe at RT1
Trigger on Command Words
Transmitted signals at RT1

Probe at RT1
Trigger on Status Words from RTA = 1
Received signals at RT2 transmitted from RT3

Probe at RT2
Trigger on Status Words with RTA = 3

Probe at RT2
Probe at RT3
Note 1: Bus Monitor (protocol analyzer)

12
Triggering on MIL-STD 1553 Signals
Triggering options:
Data Word Start
Data Word Stop
Command/Status Word Start
Command/Status Word Stop
Remote Terminal Address
RTA + 11 Bits
Parity Error
Sync Error
Manchester Error
Note: The RTA + 11 bits trigger mode can be used to trigger on
and differentiate between specific Command and Status Words.
MIL-STD
1553
Option
August 2009
Command versus Status Word Triggering

Using the RTA + 11 bits Trigger Mode
Command Word Trigger
Status Word Trigger
Trigger
Trigger
Status Word
Command Word
Status Word
Command Word
Trigger: RTA + 11 bits = 02HEX + 1 11110 XXXXX

Sub-address = 30 (decimal)
Trigger: RTA + 11 bits = 02HEX + X 0X000 XXXXX

Status bits
MIL-STD
1553
Option
August 2009
Measuring received signals at RT2 transmitted by the BC

Rise Time & V p-p @ RT input
Command Word received from BC
T/R
Sub-Address
MIL-STD 1553 Trigger Setup

(Command Word Trigger: RTA = 2, Transmit, Sub = 1110)
15

Response Time
Response Time
T/R
Sub-Address

16

Intermessage Gap Time
Intermessage
Gap
T/R
Sub-Address

17
MIL-STD 1553 Eye-diagram Mask Testing

Eye-diagram measurements provide a composite measure of overall
system signal integrity by overlaying all bits of each word.
Eye-diagrams display worst-case jitter, vertical
noise, & signal anomalies.
Conventional eye-diagrams measurements
require a reference clock signal for triggering.
Vertically closing eye due to noise

and/or insufficient signal level
MIL-STD 1553 signals dont supply an explicit

reference clock signal.
Generating MIL-STD eye-diagram measurements
requires either a software- or hardware-recovered
clock.
Horizontally closing eye due to jitter
and/or signal timing errors
Page 18
November 2007
MIL-STD 1553 Hardware Clock Recovery Algorithm

1. Scope triggers on specific word in order to
capture and display input or output signals at a
particular test plane.
2. Scopes timebase is scaled to repetitively capture
just the 1st Manchester-encoded bit (bit #4) for 50
milliseconds with infinite-persistence turned on.
3. Scopes timebase is scaled to repetitively capture
just the 2nd Manchester-encoded bit (bit #5) for 50
milliseconds with infinite-persistence turned on.
4. Scope steps through and repetitively captures all
17 Manchester-encoded bits (bits 4 through 20)
for 50 milliseconds each with infinite persistence
turned on, and then repeats.
Note: This is an automated test sequence that runs within the scope when a MIL-STD 1553 mask test file is recalled.
Page 19
November 2007
Building the MIL-STD 1553 Eye

Sync Field = Bits 1 - 3
Bit #4
Bit #5
Bit #6
Bit #7
Bit #8
Bit #9
Bit #4
Bit #5
Bit #7
Bit #6
Bit #8
Bit #9
Bits 4 - 20
Page 20
November 2007
The MIL-STD 1553 Double Eye
With Manchester encoding, the MIL-Std 1553 eye-diagram measurement consists

of 2 eyes/bit.
Signal transitions should always occur near mid-point of each bit time.
Signal transitions may or may not occur near bit time boundaries.
The diamond-shaped pass/fail mask is based on the voltage swing
(0.86 V p-p for xformer coupled @ input test plane) and zero-crossing-distortion
(+/- 150 ns @ input test plane) specifications.
Page 21
November 2007
Summary
The electrical/physical layer of MIL-STD 1553 networks should be
characterized to insure good signal integrity for reliable communication.
Using an oscilloscope with built-in MIL-STD 1553 triggering and decoding
will enhance your ability to quickly window-in on specific transmitted and
received words for physical layer characterization.
MIL-STD 1553 eye-diagram mask testing provides a composite measure of
your systems physical layer characteristics.
Page 22
November 2007
Agilents InfiniiVision Series Oscilloscopes

Engineered for Best Signal Visibility
MSO/DSO7000B
DSO5000A
MSO/DSO6000A
MSO/DSO6000L
Series
Bandwidth
Sample
Rate
(Max)
Memory
Depth
MSO
Display
7000B
100 MHz to 1 GHz
4 GSa/s
8M
Yes
6000A
100 MHz to 1 GHz
4 GSa/s
8M
6000L
100 MHz to 1 GHz
4 GSa/s
100 MHz to 500

2 GSa/s
Option 553: MIL-STD MHz
1553 Trigger & Decode
5000A
Seg
Mem
Battery
Option
12.1
XGA
Yes
No
Yes
6.3 XGA
Yes
Yes
8M
Yes
None
Yes
No
8M
No
6.3 XGA
Yes
No
Option LMT: Mask Testing

N2791A: 25-MHz Differential Active Probe
Page 23
Application-specific Measurement Options for

InfiniiVision Series Oscilloscopes
Measurement
Factory-installed Option
After-purchase Upgrade
MIL-STD 1553
Option 553
N5469A
I2C/SPI
Option LSS
N5423A
RS-232/UART
Option 232
N5457A
CAN/LIN
Option AMS
N5424A
FlexRay
Option FLX
N5432C
I2S
Option SND
N5468A
Mask Test
Option LMT
N5455A
Segmented Memory
Option SGM
N5454A
Page 24
Characterizing the Physical Layer of

MIL-STD 1553 Differential Bus Networks
Page 25
November 2007
Page 26
November 2007
Agilents InfiniiVision Series Oscilloscopes

for MIL-STD 1553 Testing (Option 5531)
Compatible models: All 5000, 6000, and 7000 series
4-channel DSOs and 4+16 channel MSOs
Industrys only hardware-based decode enhances
probability of capturing MIL-STD 1553 communication
errors
Flexible MIL-STD 1553 triggering modes
Automatic Search & Navigation (7000B only)
Optional battery operation (6000A series only)
MIL-STD 1553 eye-diagram mask testing (requires
Option LMT2)
Entry-level Price:
DSO5014A Option 5531 Option LMT2 N2791A Diff Probe Total System Price -
$5300
$1300
$ 700
$ 600
$7900
Notes:
1. For after-purchase upgrade on an existing oscilloscope order N5469A.
2. For after-purchase upgrade on an existing oscilloscope order N5455A.
MIL-STD
1553
Option
August 2009
Decoding the MIL-STD 1553 Bus

Decode Display:
Lister table
Time-aligned trace
Numeric/Symbol Format:
HEX
Binary
Basic Word-type Symbol
Word Type:
Cmd/Status (green)
Data (white)
Bits:
Remote Terminal Address (green)
Command/Status Bits 9-19 (green)
16 Bits of Data Word (white)
Errors
Parity (red)
Time-aligned
Decode Trace
Sync (red)
Manchester (red)
Decode Lister
MIL-STD
1553
Option
August 2009
Time-Aligned Decode Trace

Binary Decode
Data Word
Sync
Command/Status Word
Sync
HEX Decode
RTA
11 Bits
Word Type
16 Bits
Word Type
MIL-STD
1553
Option
August 2009
Triggering on MIL-STD 1553 Signals
Triggering options:
Data Word Start
Data Word Stop
Command/Status Word Start
Command/Status Word Stop
Remote Terminal Address
RTA + 11 Bits
Parity Error
Sync Error
Manchester Error
Note: The RTA + 11 bits trigger mode can be used to trigger on
and differentiate between specific Command and Status Words.
MIL-STD
1553
Option
August 2009
Command versus Status Word Triggering

Using the RTA + 11 bits Trigger Mode
Command Word Trigger
Status Word Trigger
Trigger
Trigger
Status Word
Command Word
Status Word
Command Word
Trigger: RTA + 11 bits = 02HEX + 1 11110 XXXXX

Sub-address = 30 (decimal)
Trigger: RTA + 11 bits = 02HEX + 0 00000 00000

Status bits
MIL-STD
1553
Option
August 2009
Error Analysis and Triggering

Sync Error
Parity Error
Manchester Encoding Error
Manchester Encoding Error = Missing transition within bit time
MIL-STD
1553
Option
August 2009
Automatic Search & Navigation
MIL-STD
1553
Option
August 2009
MIL-STD 1553 Mask Test Files

Free downloadable mask files:
System xfmr-coupled Input.msk
System direct-coupled Input.msk
BC to RT xfmr-coupled Input.msk
BC to RT direct-coupled Input.msk
RT to BC xfmr-coupled Input.msk
RT to BC direct-coupled Input.msk
RT to RT xfmr-coupled Input.msk
RT to RT direct-couple Input.msk
MIL-STD 1553 eye-diagram mask test files can downloaded at:

www.agilent.com/find/1553
MIL-STD
1553
Option
August 2009
Probing a MIL-STD 1553 Differential Bus

The MIL-STD 1553 differential bus must be
probed with a differential active probe.
Output of differential probe must be fed into two
channels of the scope in order to establish dual
threshold triggering (upper and lower thresholds).
Probe Output
Agilents N2791A 25-MHz differential

active probe is recommended (US$600).
MIL-STD
1553
Option
August 2009

MIL STD 1553 Seminar Condensed

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Characterizing the Physical Layer of

MIL-STD 1553 Differential Bus Networks

Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies

Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies

MIL-STD 1553 Protocol & Timing Overview

Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies

MIL-STD 1553 Protocol & Timing Overview

Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies

Manchester II Bi-phase Encoding

Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies

Message Formats (Master/Slave Relationship)

Note: Signals probed at BC input/output test plane

Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies

Message Formats (Master/Slave Relationship)

Note: Signals probed at RT input/output test plane

Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies

Message Formats (Master/Slave Relationship)

C Packet Status Word from RTA 2: Here it comes!

Scope waveforms not available

Note: Signals probed at RT2 input/output test plane

Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies

Primary Electrical/Physical Layer Specifications

100 to 300 ns (10/90)

100 to 300 ns (10/90)

Terminal Output Specs

Terminal Input Specs

Other Important Timing Parameters

Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies

Measurement Test Planes

All terminals are transceivers.

Both output/transmitted and input/received signals are present at all

Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies

The Problem: Most of todays scopes trigger on simple

Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies

Required MIL-STD 1553 Triggering

Received signals at RT1 transmitted from BC

Transmitted signals at RT1

Received signals at RT2 transmitted from RT3

Transmitted signals at RT2

Note 1: Bus Monitor (protocol analyzer)

Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies

Triggering on MIL-STD 1553 Signals

Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies

Command versus Status Word Triggering

Command Word Trigger

Status Word Trigger

Trigger: RTA + 11 bits = 02HEX + 1 11110 XXXXX

Trigger: RTA + 11 bits = 02HEX + X 0X000 XXXXX

Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies

Measuring received signals at RT2 transmitted by the BC

Command Word received from BC

MIL-STD 1553 Trigger Setup

Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies

Measuring received signals at RT2 transmitted by the BC

MIL-STD 1553 Trigger Setup

Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies

Measuring received signals at RT2 transmitted by the BC

MIL-STD 1553 Trigger Setup

Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies

MIL-STD 1553 Eye-diagram Mask Testing

Vertically closing eye due to noise

MIL-STD 1553 signals dont supply an explicit

Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies

MIL-STD 1553 Hardware Clock Recovery Algorithm