Hp th - Absorption

Khi nim:
Hp th kh bng cht lng l qu trnh chuyn cu
t kh t pha kh vo trong pha lng thng qua qu
trnh ha tan cht kh trong cht lng khi chng
tip xc vi nhau.
Phn loi:

Hp thu vt l: khng tng tc ha hc l qu

trnh thun nghch.

Hp thu ho hc: c phn ng ha hc

Hp th - Absorption
C ch ca qu trnh c th chia thnh 3 bc:
Khuch tn cc phn t cht nhim th kh trong
khi kh thi n b mt ca dung dch hp th.
Thm nhp v ha tan cht kh vo b mt ca
dung dch hp th
Khuch tn cht kh ha tan trn b mt ngn
cch vo su trong lng cht lng hp th

NHIT QU TRNH

Hp thu ng nhit:

C gii nhit

Hp thu khng ng nhit

Ta nhit

on nhit

Hiu ng nhit ca qu trnh hp th tra trong s tay

ho l hoc tnh theo phng trnh.

Nhit ca phn ng ho tan

TRAO I CHT V L THUYT LP BIN

trao i mt lng (khi lng) cht nhim t

kh thi vo cht lng hp th, cn phi trao i cc
phn t qua vng ranh gii.

Cng trao i thc ph thuc vo cc yu t:

nhit , p sut, nng , ha tan.

Nng phn t pha cht kh ph thuc vo hai

hin tng khuch tn: Khuch tn ri v khuch tn
phn t

TRAO I CHT
Khuch tn ri: Lm cho nng phn t c u
n trong khi kh
Khuch tn phn t: Lm cho cc phn t kh chuyn
ng n lp bin
Cc phn t ca kh i qua lp bin vo cht lng c
phn ng ha hc vi cht lng hoc c gi li
bng cc qu trnh vt l khc.

TRAO I CHT
Cng trao i cht t pha ny sang pha kia:
Phng trnh trao i cht:
i vi lp bin kh:

N A kG ( p AG p Ai )
i vi lp bin cht lng:

N A k L (C Ai C AL )

kG: H s trao i cht

pAG : p sut ring ca cht A trong
khi kh
pAi : p sut ring ca cht A thuc
pha kh trn b mt cht lng

ng dng

X l kh nhim
Lu lng kh cn x l ln
Nng cht nhim khng qu nh
Thng x l SOx, HCl, H2S, HF, Cl2, NOx axeton,

p dng phng php ny trong qu trnh x l kh

thi s t hiu qu kinh t cao

Thu hi c cc cht tun hon hoc chuyn sang

cc cng on sn xut khc.

CHT HP TH (DUNG MI)

iu kin la chn dung dch hp th:

ho tan chn lc

bay hi tng i thp

Tnh n mn ca dung mi thp

Chi ph

nht b, khi tr lc ca qu trnh cng nh, tng

tc hp th v c li cho qu trnh truyn khi.

Cc tnh cht khc:

Nhit dung ring, nhit ng rn, to ta, c hi

CHT HP TH PH BIN
Nc (H2O)

Dung dch baz: KOH, NaOH, Na2CO3, K2CO3,

Ca(OH)2, CaCO3,
MonoEtanolAmin (OHCH2CH2NH2), Dietanolamin
(R2NH), trietanolamin (R3N)
D bay hi nn tht thot nhiu
n mn ho hc
Lin kt vi CO2 rt bn nn kh phn hy hon
nguyn

HIU SUT CA QU TRNH HP TH

Ph thuc vo cc yu t:

Thnh phn v tnh cht ca kh thi cn x l

Tnh cht v cht lng ca cht hp th

Thi gian s dng cht hp th trong thit b (chu

k hp th)

Lng cht hp th

Kh nng tip xc gia cht nhim v dung dch

hp th

Nhit , p sut,

PHN LOI THIT B HP TH

Phn loi theo dng chy:

Giao dng - Crossflow

Ngc dng

THP PHUN
u im:
Vn tc dng kh trong thp cao lm cho kh nng
hp th tng ng k.
ng knh thp nh nn mt ti nh (50 90
m3/m2), tit kim dung dch hp th nhng vn cho
hiu sut cao.
Nhc im:
Thit b d b n mn, i hi phi c lp ph bo v,
lm tng gi thnh ch to thit b
Cn phi c h thng t ng iu chnh lu lng
dung dch hp th phun vo thit b. Dung dch phi
c phun u khp tit din thp.

CC LOI THIT B HP TH
Thp phun

Thp c dng hnh tr t thng ng, c s dng trn

nguyn tc to ra s tip xc gia cht nhim v dng nc
phun. Dung dch hp th c phun thnh git nh xuyn qua
dng kh bc ln trong th tch rng ca thit b.

THP PHUN

THP PHUN

Thp phun rng

Thp phun dng

a quay

Jet tower

CC LOI THIT B HP TH
Thp m:
Cht lng c ti trn lp m rng v chy xung di to
ra b mt t ca lp vt liu m cho dng kh t di i ln.

CC LOI THIT B HP TH

CC LOI THIT B HP TH (tt)

u im:

Hiu qu x l cao

Vn hnh n gin

Gi thnh thit b chp nhn c

Nhc im:

Kh khn trong khu ra vt liu m

D gy tc nghn vt liu m do tch t cn, lm

tng tr lc qu trnh hp th

Phn phi dung dch hp th phi u khp tit din

thp

Vt liu m
m - pack

Lp m ng

m vng raschig

Vt liu m

Vt liu ch to m

Ceramic
Porcelain Stoneware - Unglazed/Glazed
Alumina
High Polymers
Polypropylene
PVC
PVDF
Ferrous - Non Ferrous
Carbon Steel
Stainless Steel
Aluminium, etc.,
Carbon
Glass
Standards: IS - 7087 - 1979

CC LOI THIT B HP TH
Thp mm:
Thp hnh tr thng ng, trong c gn cc mm c
cu to khc nhau, trn pha lng v pha kh c
cho tip xc vi nhau. Qu trnh chung ca c thp l
s tip xc pha nghch dng mc d trn mi mm
hai pha kh v lng tip xc giao dng

THP MM
u im:

C th s dng cho c qu trnh chng ct ln hp th.

Hiu sut khng thay i nhiu theo lu lng hi.

Nhc im:

Khi vn tc kh ln c th gy nn s li cun c hc cc
git lng trong dng hi t mm di ln mm trn lm
gim s bin i nng to nn bi qu trnh truyn
khi, lm gim hiu sut.

Ngoi ra cn to gim p ln cho pha kh lm tng

cng sut my nn kh cho thp.

THP MM

(a) Mm c l

(b) Mm van

(c) Mm chp

(d) Mm vi valve caps

THP MM

(c) Mm chp

(a) Mm c l

Thp mm xuyn l

Thp mm chp

Thp mm van

THP MM

(a) Bi nc

(b) bt

(c) Nh tng

(d) Bong bng (e) Bt t bo

Hnh: Trng thi ca cht lng khi tip xc vi mm

Bt

Cht lng mang ra khng c bt kh pha

di mm
Hi mang ra khng c git lng pha trn
ca mm
Khng c s chy ca cht lng thng qua
mm
Cn bng gia s tn ti pha hi v lng
c tip cn trn mi mm.

ng dng trong x l kh thi

Hp th SO2:
Hp th SO2 s dng dung dch hoc huyn ph ca mui kim
loi kim v kim loi kim th.
Hp th bng nc:
S h thng x l SO2 bao gm 2 giai on:

Hp th kh SO2 bng cch phun nc vo dng kh thi

hoc cho dng kh thi i qua lp vt liu m rng c ti
nc. Qu trnh hp th SO2 bng nc din ra theo phng
trnh:
SO2 + H2O

H+ + HSO3-

Gii thot SO2 ra khi cht hp th thu hi SO2 (nu cn)

v nc sch

X l SO2

u im:
Cu to n gin
C th thu hi SO2 dng cho cc mc ch khc
(sn xut axt H2SO4)

Nhc im:
Cn lu lng nc ln, thit b hp th c th
tch ln

Loi SO2 ra khi dung dch thc hin bng cch

un nng n n 1000C, cn chi ph nhit ln.

X l SO2
Hp th bng huyn ph CaCO3 (thnh phn
rn:lng = 1:10, kch thc ht CaCO3 0,1mm) din
ra theo cc giai on:
H2O + SO2 = H2SO3
CO2 + H2O = H2CO3
CaCO3 + H2SO3 = 2CaSO3 + H2CO3
CaCO3 + H2CO3 = Ca(HCO3)2

CaSO3 + H2SO3 = Ca(HSO3)2

Ca(HSO3)2 + 2CaCO3 = Ca(HCO3)2 + 2CaSO3
Ca(HCO3)2 + 2H2SO3 = Ca(HSO3)2 + 2H2CO3

X l SO2
Ca(HSO3)2 + O2 = Ca(HSO4)2
CaSO3 + O2 = 2CaSO4
Ca(HSO4)2 + 2CaSO3 = Ca(HSO3)2 + 2CaSO4
Ca(HSO4)2 + 2CaCO3 = Ca(HCO3)2 + 2CaSO4
Ca(HSO4)2 + Ca(HSO3)2 = 2CaSO4 + H2SO3
CaSO3 + 0,5H2O = CaSO3.0,5H2O
CaSO4 + 2H2O = CaSO4.2H2O

X l SO2
Hp th bi oxit magie hydroxit:
(T l rn:lng trong huyn ph l 1:10, pH = 6,8 7,5)
MgO + SO2 = MgSO3
MgO + H2O = Mg(OH)2
MgSO3 + SO2 + H2O = Mg(HSO3)2
Mg(OH)2 + Mg(HSO3)2 = 2MgSO3 + 2H2O
SO2 c hp th bi oxit magie hydroxit, to thnh tinh
th ngm nc MgSO3.
ha tan ca sunfit magie trong nc b gii hn, nn
lng d dng MgSO3.6H2O v MgSO3.3H2O ri xung
thnh cn lng.

X l SO2
2MgSO3 + O2 = 2MgSO4
S hnh thnh MgSO4 khng c li cho vic ti sinh MgO
nn cn hn ch phn ng trn bng cch gim thi gian
tip xc gia pha kh v pha lng hoc dng ha cht gim
tnh oxi ha.
Ti sinh MgO:
Thc hin trong l nung nhit 9000C vi xc tc l
than cc.
u im:
C th x l kh nng khng cn lm ngui s b
Thu c sn phm tn dng sn xut axit sunfuric.
MgO sn c, r tin, hiu qu x l cao.

X l SO2
Hp th bi ZnO:
SO2 +ZnO + 2,5H2O = ZnSO3.2,5H2O
Khi nng SO2 ln:
SO2 +ZnO + 2,5H2O = Zn(HSO3)2
Km sunfit to thnh khng tan trong nc c tch ra bng
xiclon nc v sy kh.
Ti sinh ZnO:
Nung sunfit nhit 3500C.
ZnSO3.2,5H2O = ZnO + SO2 + 2,5H2O
u im:
C kh nng x l nhit cao (200- 2500C)
Nhc im:
C th hnh thnh ZnSO4, lm cho vic ti sinh ZnO bt li

X l SO2
Nu dng soda phn ng xy ra:
Na2CO3 + SO2 = Na2SO3 + CO2
Na2SO3 + SO2 + H2O = 2NaHSO3
Kh tham gia phn ng vi sunfit v bisunfit lm tng nng
bisunfit.
SO2 + NaHCO3 + Na2SO3 + H2O = 3NaHSO3
Dung dch hnh thnh tc dng vi oxit km to thnh sunfit
km.
NaHSO3 + ZnO = ZnSO3 + NaOH
u im:
ng dng cht hp th ha hc khng bay hi, c kh
nng hp th ln.
ng dng loi SO2 cc nng khc nhau.

X l SO2
Hp th bi dung dch amoniac (sunfit bisunfit
amon)
H2O + SO2 = H2SO3
2NH4OH + H2SO3 = (NH4)2SO3 + 2H2O
(NH4)2SO3 + H2SO3 = NH4HSO3
2(NH4)2SO3 + O2 = 2(NH4)2SO4
Nu thm HNO3:
(NH4)2SO3 + 2HNO3 = 2NH4NO3 + SO2 + H2O
NH4HSO3 + HNO3 = NH4NO3 + SO2 + H2O
NH4NO3 thu c dng lm phn bn, kh thu c
cha 15 30% SO2 sn xut H2SO4.

X l SO2
Hp th bng amin thm:

hp th SO2 trong kh thi ca luyn kim mu (SO2

1 2% th tch), s dng dung dch C6H3(CH3)NH2 (t
l C6H3(CH3)NH2:nc = 1:1)
Phng trnh phn ng:
C6H3(CH3)NH2 + SO2 = C6H3(CH3)NHSOONH3(CH3)2C6H3

Thu hi SO2 v phc hi dung dch hp th tin hnh

trong thp chng 1000C

X l NOx bng hp th
Hp th bng nc:
Khi hp th NO2 bng nc mt phn axit nitric c sinh
ra pha kh:
3NO2 + H2O = 2HNO3 + NO + Q

x l NOx c th s dng dung dch oxi gi long:

NO + H2O2 = NOx + H2O
3NO2 + H2O = 2HNO3 + NO
N2O3 + H2O2 = N2O4 + H2O
N2O4 + H2O = HNO3 + HNO2

Qu trnh hp th NOx thnh HNO3 tng theo tng

nng axit v p sut ring phn ca NOx. thc y
qu trnh c th dng cht xc tc, hiu qu x l t 97%.

X l NOx
Hp th bng kim v huyn ph:
3NO2 + Na2CO3 = NaNO3 + NaNO2+ CO2 + Q
Phng trnh phn ng cho qu trnh hp th N2O3 bng dung

dch kim v huyn ph:

M2(CO3)m + N2O3 = M(NO2)m + CO2
M(HCO3)m + N2O3 = M(NO2)m + CO2 + H2O
M(OH)m + N2O3 = M(NO2)m + H2O
Khi hp th N2O3 hot ca dung dch kim gim theo th
t:
KOH > NaOH > Ca(OH)2 > Na2CO3 > K2CO3 > Ba(OH)2 >
NaHCO3 > KHCO3 > MgCO3 > BaCO3 > CaCO3 > Mg(OH)2

Hp th chn lc
hp th NO khi khng c O2 trong pha kh, s dng cc
dung dch FeSO4, FeCl3, Na2S2O3, NaHCO3
Phng trnh phn ng to thnh phc:
NO + FeSO3 = Fe(NO)SO4
FeCl2 + NO = Fe(NO)Cl2
Khi un nng nhit 95 1000C, phc phn r sinh ra
NO v hon nguyn dung dch hp th.
S dng dung dch Na2S2O3, NaHCO3, (NH2)2CO s to
thnh N2:
Na2S2O3 + 6NO = 3N2 + 2Na2SO4 + 2SO2
2NaHSO3 +2NO = N2 + 2NaHSO4
2(NH2)2CO + 6NO = 5N2 + 4H2O + 2CO2

Hp th chn lc (tt)
nhit cao hn 2000C, NO lin kt vi NH3 theo
phn ng:
4NH3 + 6NO 5N2 + 6H2O
Axit sunfuric c s dng hp th NO2 v N2O3
H2SO4 + 2NO2 = HNSO5 + HNO2
2H2SO4 + N2O3 = 2HNSO5 + H2O
Khu un nng hoc pha long bng nc, HNSO5 s
sinh ra NOx:
HNSO5 + H2O = 2H2SO4 + NO + NO2
Tng tc gia NOx vi cht hp th hiu qu nht
nhit 20 400C.

Phng php hp th ng thi NOx, SO2

Kh thi cha ng thi SO2 v NO2 sinh ra khi t
chy nhin liu c cha lu hunh.
X l ng thi SOx v NOx s dng dung dch hp
th l dung dch kim hoc huyn ph.
Hiu qu x l:
SO2 khong 90%
NOx khong 70 90%

X l Halogen v cc hp cht ca chng

X l cc hp cht cha Flo:
Hp th bng nc:
HF v SiF4 tan nhiu trong nc. Cc phn ng xy ra:
H2O + HF = H3O+ + HF2HF = H+ + FF- + HF = HF2SiF4 +2H2O = 4HF +SiO2
4HF + 2SiF4 = 2H2SiF6
3SiF4 + 2H2O = 2H2SiF6 + SiO2
Thu c H2SiF6 10 22% dng sn xut SiO2, CaF2,
AlF, NaF, Na3AlF6.
Hiu qu x l 90 95%

X l Halogen v cc hp cht ca chng (tt)

Hp th bng dung dch mui amoni:
Cc phn ng xy ra:
HF + (NH4)2CO3 2NH4F + CO2 + H2O
HF + NH4HCO3 NH4F + CO2 + H2O
HF + NH3 NH4F
2SiF4 + 2NaF = Na2SiF6
NH4F c x l nh sau:
2NH4F +Na2CO3 (NH4)2CO3 + NaF
(NH4)2CO3 + H2O 2NH4OH + CO2
NH4OH H2O + NH3
NaF l cht rn c tch ra bng lng, lc.

X l Halogen v cc hp cht ca chng (tt)

Hp th bng dung dch K2CO3:
Phn ng hp ph:
HF + K2CO3 2KF + CO2 + H2O
Phn ng phc hi cht hp th:
2KF + Na2CO3 2NaF + K2CO3
Hp th bng dung dch AlF3:
Dung dch cha 0,5 60% AlF3 hp th HF to thnh phc
c thnh phn thay i:
mHF + AlF4 = HmAlFm+3
M thay i t 1 20
AlF3 phc hi bng cch trung ha HmAlFm+3bng Al(OH)3

X l Halogen v cc hp cht ca chng (tt)

Hp th phn t F2
Hp th bng dung dch NaOH 5 10% nhit 38
650C:
Phn ng hp ph:
F2 + 2NaOH = 0,5O2 +2NaF + H2O
Thi gian tip xc gi khong 1 pht trnh to ra F2O
NaF t tan trong dung dch kim. X l NaF trc khi
a ra khi h thng:
2NaF + Cao + H2O CaF2 + NaOH

X l Halogen v cc hp cht ca chng (tt)

X l Clo v hydro clorua:
Hp th clo vi cc dung dch kim:
Cl2 + 2NaOH NaOCl +NaCl + H2O
2Ca(OH)2 + 2Cl2 CaCl2 + Ca(OCl)2 + H2O
Na2CO3 +Cl2 + H2O NaCl + NaOCl + CO2 + H2O
Dung dch NaOH c dng vi hm lng 100 150g/l
Huyn ph Ca(OH)2 l 100 110g/l
Hp th clorua hydro bng dung dch kim v nc:
S dng NaOH, Ca(OH)2 hoc Na2CO3 hp th HCl
Nhc im khi dng nc hp th bng nc to sng
m cc git axit lng, hiu qu thu hi khng cao.

X l Halogen v cc hp cht ca chng (tt)

X l Brom v cc hp cht ca n:
Hp th bng dung dch kim:
OH- + Br2 = Br- + BrO- + H2O
CO3-2 + Br2 + H2O = Br- + BrO- + 2HCO32HCO3- + Br2 = BrO- + H2O + 2CO2
Hp th FeBr2:
2FeBr2 + Br2 2FeBr3
Hp th bng SO2:
Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O 2HBr + H2SO4

X l COx
X l CO:
Hp th bng [Cu(NH3)m(H2O)n]+:
[Cu(NH3)m(H2O)n]+ + xNH3 + yCO = [Cu(NH3)m (CO)y(H2O)n]+ + Q

Thng tn ti dng ha tr 1
Dung dch c tnh kim yu nn ng thi hp th CO2
2NH4OH + CO2 = (NH4)2CO3 + H2O
(NH4)2CO3 + CO2 + H2O = 2NH4HCO3
Ra Nit lng:
y l qu trnh hp th vt l. Qu trnh ng dng
trong cng nghip ni t.

X l CO
Hp th bng dung dch clorua ng, nhm:
ng dng khi trong kh thi c O2 v lng ln CO2
Hp th ha hc CO bng dung dch c nng 20 50%
CuAlCl4 v 89 -90% toluen
Qu trnh thp th:
CuCl2 + AlCl3 + 2C6H5CH3 (CuAlCl4)(C6H5CH3)2
(CuAlCl4)(C6H5CH3)2 + 2CO (CuAlCl4).2CO + 2C6H5CH3

Hi nc trong kh thi c th ph hy phc sinh ra HCl

2CuAlCl4 + H2O 2HCl + CuCl + CuAlCl4.AlOCl

Cn sy kh kh trc khi x l

X l CO2
Hp th bng dung dch etanolamin
Qu trnh thp th:
2RNH2 + CO2 + H2O = (RNH3)2CO3
(RNH3)CO3 + CO2 + H2O = 2NH3HCO3
2RNH2 + CO2 = RNHCOONH3R
Dung dch hp th c phc hi bng cch un nng.
u im: Gi r, kh nng phn ng cao, n nh, d
phc hi.
Nhc im: p sut hi cao v dung dch tham gia
phn ng khng thun nghch vi COS

X l CO2
Hp th bng dung dch amoniac:
Qu trnh thp th:
2NH3 + CO2 =NH2COONH4
NH3 + CO2 + H2O = 2NH4HCO3
2NH3 + CO2 + H2O= = (NH4)CO3
ng dng x l kh thi cha 30% CO2.
u im: Cho php gim nng CO2 t 34% cn
0,015% trong khi tng hp NH3.
Dung dch hp thu c thu hi bng cch un nng

X l CO2
Hp th bng dung dch kim
Thng s dng cht hp th l Na2CO3
Qu trnh thp th:
Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O = 2NaHCO3
Vn tc hp th nh, tng vn tc hp th thng
dng xc tc l: metanol, etanol, ng
Dung dch c hon nguyn bng cch un nng bng
hi nc.
tng hiu qu hp th, cho vo dung dch hp th
mt lng d NaOH.

X l CO2
Hp th bng nc
Phng trnh phn ng:
CO2 + H2O H+ + HCO3S dng trong cng nghip x l kh c p sut cao.
Kh nng hp th ca nc cao khi p sut ring phn
ca CO2 l 3 4 at.
u im: kt cu n gin, khng tn nhit, dung dch
r, nc tr vi kh COS, O2 v cc tp cht khc.
Nhc im: Hp th H2 trong khng kh, bm cng
sut ln, kh nng hp th thp.

Hp th H2S
Phng php cacbonat:
Hp th bi dung dch Na2CO3 hoc K2CO3
Phng trnh phn ng:
Me2CO3 + H2S = MeHCO3 + MeHS
Phc hi: MeHS + CO2 + H2O = MeHCO3 + H2S
ha tan ca K2CO3, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, KHCO3
khc nhau nn hp th s dng dung dch c nng
khc nhau.
K2CO3 tan nhiu trong nc nn c s dng vi nng
cao.

Hp th H2S
Phng php photphat:
S dng dung dch cha 40 50% photphat kali
(K3PO4).
Phng trnh phn ng:
K3PO4 + H2S = K2HPO4 + KHS
H2S c gii phng nh un si nhit to = 107 1150C.
u im: ch th hp th H2S

Hp th H2S
Phng php kim asen:
Dung dch kim asen to thnh theo phn ng:
2Na2CO3 + As2O3 + H2O = 2Na2HAsO3 + 2CO2
Phng trnh phn ng:
2Na2HAsO3 + H2S = Na4As2S5 + 6H2O
Na4As2S5 + O2 = Na4As2S5O2
Na4As2S5O2 + H2S = Na2As2S6O + H2O
Phc hi dung dch bng oxi ca khng kh
Na2As2S6O + O2 = 2Na4As2S5O2 + 2S

Hp th H2S
Phng php kim asen:
Cc phn ng din ra trong thp hp th:
Na2CO3 + H2O = NaOH + NaHCO3
Na2CO3 + H2S = NaHS + NaHCO3
Na2CO3 + 2H2S = 2NaHS + CO2 + H2O
NaOH + H2S = NaHS + H2O
Phng php soda st:
Hp th H2S bng huyn ph hydroxit st II v III.
Huyn ph u ch bng cch trn dung dch 10%
Na2CO3 vi dung dch 18% sunfat st.

Hp th H2S
Phng php soda st:
FeSO4 + Na2CO3 + H2O Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4 + CO2
Cho khng kh qua dung dch oxi ha st (II) thnh
st (III)
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + H2O 4Fe(OH)3
Hp th H2S theo cc phn ng:
H2S +Na2CO3 NaHS + NaHCO3
3NaHS + 2Fe(OH)3 Fe2S3 + 3NaOH + 3H2O
3NaHS + 2Fe(OH)3 2FeS + S + 3NaOH + 3H2O

Hp th H2S
Phng php soda st:
ti sinh dung dch, cho khng kh qua n:
2Fe2S3 + 6H2O + 3O2 4Fe(OH)3 + 6S
4FeS + 6H2O + 3O2 $Fe(OH)3 + 4S
NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 +H2O
2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
Khi ti sinh, 70% H2S chuyn thnh phn t S, phn
cn li ( dng NaSH) b xi ha thnh Na2S2O3 v
H2O
2NaHS + 2O2 Na2S2O3 + H2O

Hp th H2S
Phng php hydroquinon kim
Hp th H2S bng dung dch kim hydroquinon (l
cht xc tc)
Qu trnh din ra nh sau:
H2S + Na2CO3 NaHS + NaHCO3
NaHS + H2O + + S + NaOH
Phn ng ph:
2NaHS + 2O2 Na2S2O3 + H2O
S tch ly Na2S2O3 v NaHCO3 lm gim kh nng
hp th do gim nng Na2CO3 v gim ph mi
trng.

Hp th H2S
Phng php hydroquinon kim
Hp th H2S bng dung dch kim hydroquinon (l
cht xc tc)
Qu trnh din ra nh sau:
H2S + Na2CO3 NaHS + NaHCO3
NaHS + H2O + + S + NaOH
Phn ng ph:
2NaHS + 2O2 Na2S2O3 + H2O
S tch ly Na2S2O3 v NaHCO3 lm gim kh nng
hp th do gim nng Na2CO3 v gim ph mi
trng.

Hp th H2S
Phng php hp th bng etanolamin
Hp th H2S v CO2 hp th bng monoetanolamin v
tri etanolamin.
S dng dung dch 15 20% monoetanolamin li th
hn do dung dch c kh nng hp th cao, d phc
hi.
Qu trnh din ra nh sau:
H2S + 2(OH-CH2CH2-NH2) (HO-CH2-CH2-NH3)2S
(HO-CH2-CH2-NH3)2S + H2S = 2(OH-CH2CH2-NH2-SH)

nhit 25 400C phn ng t tri sang phi,

1050C phn ng theo chiu ngc li.

Mt s h thng x l kh thi n gin

X l kh thi l hi:
Kh thi l hi do t du FO (3% S)

STT
1
2
3
4
5

Thnh phn
Nhit
Bi
SO2
NOx
CO

n v
0C
mg/m3
mg/m3
mg/m3
mg/m3

Kt qu
140 200
500 1000
700 5.000
400 700
50 100

Ngun: S tay hng dn X l khi l hi S KHCN & MTTp.HCM

Mt s h thng x l kh thi n gin

X l kh thi l hi:
Gii php:
Tng cng hiu qu t tit kim nhin liu
ng thi lm gim NOx.
SO2 c x l bng phng php hp th, dung
dch hp th thng (NaOH, Na2CO3), dung dch
ban u c pH 11-12, khi pH < 5 b sung thm ha
cht.
Hiu qu x l i vi SO2trong cng trnh thc
t > 90%

Tnh ton thit b hp th

Cn bng vt cht - mass balance

Lu lng lng, nng pha lng

ng hc: ng lm vic operating line

Kch thc thit b:ng knh, chiu cao

Tr lc ca thit b tnh thit b ph nh

bm, qut

Trnh t tnh toan

La chn dung mi hp th

ng cn bng v ng lm vic.

Lng dung mi cn thit.

S n v truyn khi v chiu cao mt n v truyn

khi ct m hoc xc nh s mm thc t v khong
cch mm.

Chiu cao

ng knh

Tr lc

Dng bi ton

Thng s bit:

Nng pha kh, lu lng pha kh, nng

pha lng u vo.

Thng s khng ch.

Nng pha kh u ra.

Yu cu xc nh.

ng knh, chiu cao thit b.