POLITIK LUAR NEGERI AMERIKA

SERIKAT DI KAWASAN EROPA

KLNKAS Hubungan Internasional, Universitas
Indonesia
30 Oktober 2013

Issues
What is United States foreign policy in
Europe?
How do the US see Europe and EU
How does the existence of the EU change
foreign policy approaches from the US
What can we learn from this?

WHY EUROPE?

It is already evident that, before the

United States Government can
proceed much further in its efforts to
alleviate the situation and help start
the European world on its way to
recovery, there must be some
agreement among the countries of
Europe as to the requirements of the
situation and the part those countries
themselves will take......the initiative, I
think, must come from Europe
George C. Marshall, 1947

Problems are arising that only Europe and

the United States together have the
resources to deal with.......It is evident
that we must go a good deal further
towards an Atlantic Community. The
creation of a united Europe brings this
nearer by making it possible for America
and Europe to act as partners....
Jean Monnet, 1962

The Need of Better Cooperation?

Key Events

Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
The 1954 French defeat at Dien Bien Phu
The 1956 Suez crisis
1957 Treaty of Rome, which created European Economic Community.
Berlin wall
1966 French withdrawal from military structure of NATO
The Vietnam war, opposed by political and public opinion in western
Europe
End of the Bretton Woods system 1971, brought about by the Nixon
administration without reference to western European leaders.
Ostpolitik
1973 Yom Kippur War
1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
1990-91 Gulf war
1991 outbreak of the Yugoslav Wars.
2003 invasion of Iraq.

Trend of Political Relations USEuropean Countries

US provide support, economy,
military and European states
can grow in peace
Consistent disagreement in
utilisation of military power
and approaches in different
cases
Despite this, why are the two
still attracted to each other?

Is it All About the Money?

THE EUROPEAN UNION: GIFT OR CURSE

TO THE US-EUROPE RELATIONS?

EU Approach v US Approach
Trade agreements not merely as a scheme to
transfer products overseas, but as a part of
recovery strategy to gain markets (Rosecrance)
Crisis made foreign economy important, so
economies need to be more open to export
Big and small states all experience effects of
crisis and no political action can stop this
1929 : protectionism does not help

EU Approach v US Approach
Rose and Frankel: trade zones like EU increase
members trade volume and GDP growth
The EUs winning point have found cost
effective way to deal with economic demands
Economic cooperation more than a way to
get products abroad, but more to safeguard
recovery strategy and expand markets abroad

EU Approach v US Approach
Gilpin: US leadership in the rescue of war-torn
Europe was given a security umbrella by the
US but it also needs to agree to US economic
order
US dominance in global economy and
commodity resolved by convergence

 Is it true that now that Europe has made

peace that the US is no longer important?

The US-EU Economic Relations: The

Biggest Bilateral Economic Relations in
the World?
United States Trade Balance with EU countries 2008-2012

Source: US Trade, EU Bilateral Trade and Trade with the World http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-andregions/countries/united-states/

US-EU Trade Trend

Source: US Trade, EU Bilateral Trade and Trade with the World http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-andregions/countries/united-states/

How are Things on the European Side?

Effects of European Investment

12,5% of employment generated in the US
from European investment
EU firms pay USDollar 8,6 Million US taxes

Issues of Competitiveness
14 of the 20 largest commercial banks in the world are
European
Europe has larger share of small-to-medium size
entrepreneurial firms (67% of their total economy) than the
U.S. economy (46%).
The EU lags behind the U.S. in value-added to high tech
products, number of high tech patents, & of workers with a
high school degree. The U.S. lags behind Europe in number of
science/engineering college grads; government-financed R&D
& in new capital raised.
168 of Top 500 companies are European, compared to 153
American

EU, US and Other Issues

Bush Doctrine:
War against terrorism
1. Europeans do not think the same
2. Reaction against American willingness to
defend
3. Response against deployment in Iraq
Europe is not united

What is the Current Dynamic?

Discussion
What are the common grounds and sources
of conflict between the US and Europe?
What is the form of US foreign policy to
Europe and EU?
Is a Union of European nations better for
US foreign policy?
How is integration better?
What can Indonesia learn
from this?