TCM, IEI, ISE

TEHNOLOGIA MATERIALELOR
CURS 7

.l. dr. ing. Gabriela STRNAD

gabriela.strnad@ing.upm.ro

2. OBINEREA SEMIFABRICATELOR DIN OEL

curs 3

Industria siderurgic modern

curs 5

curs 4

curs 6

recapitulare
Caje de laminare:
duo reversibil i duo nereversibil
trio
cuarto reversibil i cuarto nereversibil

Cilindri de laminare pot avea:

tblie neted
tblie calibrat

Procesul de laminare poate avea loc:

discontinuu
continuu

Laminarea produselor lungi

long products.avi

Laminarea tablelor subiri

thin strips.avi

Laminarea srmelor

wire rods.avi

Obinerea evilor sudate

Video OBINERE EVI SUDATE

Simulare OBINERE PRODUSE

fabricarea tevilor cu sudura.avi

longitudinal welded tubes.avi

Laminarea evilor fr sudur

seamless
tube.avi

3. PRELUCRAREA PRIN TURNARE

3.1. Introduction
Metal casting process begins by creating a mold, which is the reverse
shape of the part we need. The metal is heated in an oven until it melts, and
the molten metal is poured into the mould cavity. The liquid takes the shape
of cavity, which is the shape of the part. It is cooled until it solidifies. Finally,
the solidified metal part is removed from the mould.

A large number of metal components in designs we use every day are

made by casting. The reasons for this include:
(a) Casting can produce very complex geometry parts with internal
cavities and hollow sections.
(b) It can be used to make small (few hundred grams) to very large size
parts (thousands of kilograms)
(c) It is economical, with very little wastage: the extra metal in each
casting is re-melted and re-used
(d) Cast metal is isotropic it has the same physical/mechanical
properties along any direction.

Casting An ancient art

9000 B.C.-Earliest
metal objects of
wrought native
copper are produced
in the Near East

Iron pillar at Delhi, India,

A copper frog, the oldest
known casting in existence, is containing 98% wrought iron
cast in Mesopotamia

Ancient lost wax casting method: wax model sculpting, clay covering,
wire clasped mould for dewaxing, as-cast Ganesha, and finishing

1252-The colossal statute,

the Great Buddha at
Kamakura, Japan, is cast in
high-lead tin bronze. The
project began in the
700s and its head alone
weighed 140 tons

Iron works in early Europe,

e.g. cast iron cannons from
England circa 1543

1480 - Vannoccio Biringuccio (1480-1539), the

first true foundryman and the father of the
foundry industry, is born.
He was the head of Papal Foundry in Rome
(around 1500) and his De La Pirotechnia is the
first written account of proper foundry practice.

casting timeline

Major casting
processes

sand casting
shell mould casting
expendable pattern casting
investment casting
permanent mould casting
die casting
centrifugal casting

3.2. Sand casting

In this process, sand mixed with binders and water is compacted around
wood or metal pattern halves to produce a mould. The mould is removed
from the pattern, assembled with cores, if necessary, and metal is
poured into the resultant cavities. After cooling, moulds are broken to
remove the castings. This process is suitable for a wide range of metals
(both ferrous and non-ferrous), sizes and shape complexity.

Animation

Typical elements of a sand mould

Animation

1 - buc turnat; 2 - cutie de miez; 3 - model; 4 - mrci; 5 - tift de centrare; 6 - semiform superioar; 7 - ram
de formare; 8 - cavitatea formei; 9 - miez; 10 - plac de formare; 11 - urechi de ghidare; 12 - plnie de turnare; 13
- scoab de strngere; 14 - semiform inferioar; 15 - colector de zgur; 16 - alimentator; 17 - rsufltor

Sand casting process

steps

Pre-casting

Casting

Post-casting

Work flow in typical sand-casting foundries

Video MANUAL MOULDING

Video MECHANICAL MOULDING

FORMAREA MANUAL
n dou rame

1 - placa model;
2 - jumtate de model;
3 - semiforma inferioar;
4 - sit;
5 - bttor,
6 - rigl de radere,
7 - vergea

Video MANUAL MOULDING

FORMAREA MECANIZAT

prin scuturare - presare

Video MECHANICAL MOULDING

FORMAREA MECANIZAT
prin aruncare centrifugal

Pattern

Functions
Materials
Allowances
shrinkage or contraction
allowance
draft or taper allowance

Dpattern = Dpart (1 + Contraction/100)

Dpattern = Dpart (1 - Contraction/100)

Animation 1
Animation 2

Example: if an exterior dimension of the part is D = 30 mm

gray cast iron (contraction 1%) : D pattern = 30,3 mm

steel (contraction 2%): D pattern = 30,6 mm
alluminium alloy (contraction 1,5%): D pattern = 30,45 mm
zinc alloy (contraction 2,5%): D pattern = 30,75 mm

Piesa din figura de mai jos se va executa prin turnare n form din amestec de formare,
executat cu model din lemn. Din Tabel alegei dou materiale din care se toarn piesa.
Desenai schia modelului, innd cont numai de contracia la solidificare i calculai
dimensiunile modelului, pentru fiecare cele dou materiale alese pentru piesa turnat.

Schia modelului:

Video SAND CASTING