Ignition System

Composition and Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction to ignition system
Chapter 2 Components of ignition control system
Chapter 3 Effect of engine condition on ignition energy
Chapter 4 Effect of engine condition on ignition timing
Chapter 5 Electronic control ignition system
Control of ignition and fuel
Introduction to ignition system
Engine speed
Ignition
Engine load
ECU
Engine
Temperature
Fuel
Voltage
Components of ignition system of contact point type

Ignition switch
Distributor part
distributor
High tension code

resistor
Spark plug
Generated part of high voltage
Point of contact
battery
condenser
Ignition timing
control part
Spark and Arc discharge
Ignition
Arc discharge
Flow of electricity
(a)
(b)
(c)
Process of spark generation
Coil secondary
winding
Coil wire
Distributor cap
Spark plug
Rotor
Spark plug wire
Self induction and mutual induction generation
Current
Counter
electromotive
force
Electric current
Self induction
ON
Ampere meter
OFF
B coil
(Secondary coil)
Mutual induction
A coil
(Primary coil)
Battery
Switch
Time
Relations among primary electronic current, primary

voltage and secondary voltage
Primary
electronic
current [A]
Open
Closed
Closed
Ignition
duration
3
0
Primary
voltage [V]
100
Battery
voltage
0
15
Voltage
ignition
10
Secondary
voltage
[kV]
Spark
voltage
0
Diminution vibration
duration
Open
Classification of ignition system
Components of ignition control system
Contact type
Battery ignition
Transistor
Semi transistor
CDI type
Full transistor
Contact type
Magnet ignition
Contactless type
CDI type
Transistor type
Circuit of ignition system for contact point type
Extra resistor (ballast resistor)
Ignition coil
Primary
coil
Secondary
coil
battery
Contact point
condenser
Spark plug
Circuit of ignition system of semi transistor type
Ignition coil
Amplifier
Battery
Secondary
coil
Primary
coil
C
B
point
Tr input signal
Transistor
Spark pug
Circuit of ignition system of full transistor type
Ignition coil
Signal generator
Amplifier
Primary
coil
Secondary
coil
C
B
Battery
Transistor
Spark plug
Circuit of CDI ignition system
Pulse
shaping
circuit
Charging
device
Thyristor
L1
L2
Switch
Control
unit
Trigger box
To induction-type
pulse generator
Ignition
transformer
To
Distributor
Classification of coil type
Pitch compound type
Opened magnetic
path iron core type
Sealed coil in case
Oil cooler type
Mold coil
Low voltage iron core type
High voltage iron core type
Closed magnetic
path iron core type
Mold coil
Low voltage iron core type
Inner structure of ignition coil of

opened magnetic path type
Assistance
iron core
Primary
coil
Insulating oil or
compound
- primary
terminal
Iron
core
Secondary
terminal
+primary
terminal
Supporting
structure
(nonconductor)
Secondary
coil
cap
Wire connection between coils
- Primary
terminal
C1
Secondary
terminal
C2
To distributor
Contact point or
igniter
+ Primary
terminal
Inner structure of ignition coil of

closed magnetic path type
Primary
coil
Secondary
coil
core
Magnetic
flux
Wire connection between coils
Battery + 12V
B
Primary
Primary
terminal
To power transistor
Secondary
Secondary
terminal
To distributor
External appearance of ignition coil

of closed magnetic path type
Closed magnetic
path coil
Iron
core
to +
power
To Revolution
velocity detector
To signal generator of
distributor
Igniter
Electric supply method using distributor
Spark plug
Ignition coil
Distributor cam
Secondary
coil
Primary
coil
rotor
C
transistor
battery
B
E
gap
Structure of sparkplug
Terminal nut
Connecting
screw
Terminal stud
Isolation wall for

electric leak
Insulator (AL2O3)
Grass
chamber
(conductor)
Ground
electrode
Shell
External
gasket
Insulation tip
Central electrode
Thermal flow and temperature of sparkplug
Insulator temperature : 280
90
Cylinder head temperature :

130
38%
90
20%
Shell screw : 350
Negative electrode
temperature : 750
Positive electrode
temperature : 790
Relations between heat rating and shape
Insulator
Low heat rating

(hot type)
High heat rating

(cold type)
Temperature of ceramic tip

()
Generation temperature of sparkplug
Early ignition area
Safety operation area

Suitable temperature curve
General operation area

Under self-cleaning temperature area
(Side-effects of carbon accumulation, etc)
Engine output
Sparkplug temperature
Relations between sparkplug gab

and required ignition voltage
Sparkplug voltage
30
Required ignition voltage (kV)
Effect of engine condition on ignition energy
25
Reserved
voltage
20
15
10
5
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2 Electrode gap, mm
Required ignition voltage (V)
pressure
Relations between
compressed pressure and
required ignition voltage
temperature
Relations among electrode,
mixed gas temperature and
required ignition voltage
WOT (Wide open Throttle)

Rapid
acceleration
WCT (Wide
close Throttle)
Velocity
Relations between vehicle
load and required ignition
voltage
Characteristic of electrode
Easy heat radiation
Difficult heat
radiation
Flow of
electron
Electric
current
40
30
With Dwell Angle

Control
20
10
Without Dwell Angle

Control
RPM
Dwell Angle [Degrees]
Generated Voltage [kV]
Dwell Angle Control
80
60
40
RPM
Correction to ignition timing and dwell angle
Dwell angle
Components of ignition timing control system
Basic ignition
timing
Effect of engine condition on ignition timing
Ignition coil
ECU
Distributor
Sparkplug
(RPM, Load)
Surge tank
Ignition timing
correction
O2 sensor
TPS
(water
temperature,
inlet air
temperature,
altitude, etc)
Driving situation of engine
Air flow sensor
Water
temperature
sensor
Engine
revolution
velocity
Spark timing and compression pressure

curve caused by crank angle
pressure
ignition
Spark
ignition
Compression pressure
Open exhaust valve
Ignition
delay
Atmospheric pressure
Ignition
duration
Intake manifold pressure

-180
-90
TDC
Spark timing and

compression pressure curve
caused by crank angle
90
180
Crank angle
Pressure
Too early ignited (knocking)
Properly ignited
Pressure in case of misfire
Too late ignited
TDC
Combustion pressure in
several cases
Crank angle
Power of engine (torque)
Optimum ignition time
The later it delays ignition

timing, the lower it decreases
engine power
Knocking
generating area
It occurs abnormal combustion,
knocking, when it reaches
certain limit
later
faster
Ignition timing and

explosive force of engine
Optimum ignition
timing
Distributor
Spark plug
Igniter Coil
Sensors
Knock Sensor
Engine Knock Correction
Engine Knock Occurs

Advance
Retard
Engine Knock Stops
Knock Control Logic
Advance angle
Engine revolution
Example of RPM and various ignition
timing
Flame propagation velocity in cases

of low load and high load
Small quantity of mixed

gas at high load
(Low pressure)
Thermal energy-low
Flame propagation velocity-low
Cylinder at low load
Large quantity of mixed

gas at high load
(High pressure)
Thermal energy-high
Flame propagation velocity-high
Cylinder at high load
Correction to Ignition angle and dwell angle
Ignition angle
Dwell angle
Ignition timing = Initial ignition timing + General ignition advanced angle

+ Correction advanced angle
General ignition time
Various correction
RPM correction
Water temperature correction
Inlet air temperature correction
Altitude correction
Final ignition time
Idle safety correction

Injector surge correction
Correction to noise
reduction of engine
A/C correction
Electric load correction
Radiator fan correction
Concept of ignition timing control
Ignition
Ignition timing control
BTDC75
BTDC5
BTDC125
Sensor signal
caused by
Crank angle
Coil electronic
current
Slow
rotation
Ignition timing control
Fast
rotation
BTDC125
Dwell duration and primary electronic current
i2
Primary
electronic
current
Minimum level
of
requirement
i1
0
Ti2
Ti1
Control
electronic
current
ON
OFF
t2
t1
Dwell duration
t1
Calculation of ignition timing
TDC
Dwell time
Ignition
timing
Ignition timing : Advanced angle from TDC []

Dwell Time : Charging period of energy for ignition [ms]
Dwell angle
Contacts open
Contacts closed
open
closed
60
dwell angle
Contacts just
opening
Contacts open
Contact breaker and dwell angle
Contact
breaker arm
Narrow dwell
angle
Wide dwell angle
Contact
point
(a) Contact point

closed
(b) Contact point

opened
(c) Contact point

opened
Initial Ignition Timing Angle
Fixed Ignition Timing Angle
Standard Ignition Timing Angle
Standard ignition timing angle
Ignition timing
advance
Ignition timing
retard
Water temperature
Ignition timing correction
control caused by coolant
water temperature
RPM increment
RPM decrement
More retarded
0
than overall angle
Time
Ignition timing correction
control caused by idle
speed
TPS open
angle signal
Ignition timing
Time
Ignition timing control at
acceleration
Ignition timing
advance
Ignition timing
retard
Inlet air temperature

Ignition timing correction control
caused by inlet air temperature
Electronic control ignition system
Spark plugs
Igniter
Ignition coil
ECU
Distributor System circuit
NE
ECM
IGT
Igniter
Distributor
G1
G2
Battery
Ignition Coil
Spark Plug
Distributor System
Various types of distributor
Timing rotor
Hall effect
sensor
Pick-up coil
Distributor
(Embedded pick-up
coil)
Distributor
(Embedded hall effect
sensor)
Output characteristic of embedded type of pick-up coil
Rotor
(4cylinder)
Output signal
Inner structure of distributor
G signal from reference

position sensor
G2 Pick-Up Coil
G Signal Timing Rotor

NE Pick-up Coil
NE signal from revolution

speed sensor
NE Signal timing Rotor

G1 Pick-Up Coil
Operation principle of hall effect sensor

Hall effect
factors
Shutter blade
Volts
10V
0V
Time
magnetic
field
Voltage
signal is
not
generated.
Permanent
magnet
Hall effect
factors
Shutter blade
Voltage
signal is
generated.
magnetic
field
Permanent
magnet
Crank angle sensor and TDC sensor
Slit for No.1 TDC

sensor
Radiation
diode
Slit for crank angle
sensor
Photo diode
Power transistor
Electric control ignition system
IB
GND
OC
ECU
Earth
Coil (-)
Composition of DLI system
High
voltage
Spark plug
Ignition coil
Igniter
Cam position
sensor
ECU
Igniter
Ignition coil
Spark plugs
ECU
Distributorless System circuit
Examples of synchronized ignition method
Ignition Coils
High Tension Cords
Plug Caps
Synchronized ignition method
(Embedded TR ECU)

(Embedded TR ignition coil)
To High Tension
Cord
To High Tension
Cord
Secondary Coil
Iron Core
Secondary Coil
Connector
Iron Core
Primary Coil
Primary Coil
Plug Cap
Plug Cap
Ignition Coil Cross Section
Circuit diagram of ignition coil
1 cylinder
Ignition coil
Primary
coil
B
Battery
Secondary
coil
2 cylinder
IG
Electric current flow of synchronized ignition method
Spark Plug
Igniter
Discharge Circuit
Spark Plug
Inner structure of synchronized ignition

method of diode distribution method
High-Voltage
Diode
Connector
Magnet Core
Primary Coil
Secondary
Coil
Plug Cap
Ignition circuit diagram of independent ignition method

Igniter
Ignition coil
Spark plugs
1
cylinder
ECU
2
cylinder
3
cylinder
4
cylinder
Example of independent ignition method
Inner structure of ignition coil for

independent ignition method
Igniter
Secondary Coil
Iron Core
Primary Coil
Plug Cap
Ignition Coil Cross Section

Ignition System

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Ignition System

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Composition and Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction to ignition system

Chapter 2 Components of ignition control system

Chapter 3 Effect of engine condition on ignition energy

Chapter 4 Effect of engine condition on ignition timing

Chapter 5 Electronic control ignition system

Control of ignition and fuel

Introduction to ignition system

Components of ignition system of contact point type

Introduction to ignition system

High tension code

Spark and Arc discharge

Introduction to ignition system

Introduction to ignition system

Process of spark generation

Introduction to ignition system

Self induction and mutual induction generation

Introduction to ignition system

Relations among primary electronic current, primary

Introduction to ignition system

Classification of ignition system

Components of ignition control system

Circuit of ignition system for contact point type

Components of ignition control system

Extra resistor (ballast resistor)

Circuit of ignition system of semi transistor type

Components of ignition control system

Extra resistor (ballast resistor)

Circuit of ignition system of full transistor type

Components of ignition control system

Extra resistor (ballast resistor)

Circuit of CDI ignition system

Components of ignition control system

Classification of coil type

Components of ignition control system

Pitch compound type

Sealed coil in case

Oil cooler type

Low voltage iron core type

High voltage iron core type

Low voltage iron core type

Inner structure of ignition coil of

Components of ignition control system

Wire connection between coils

Components of ignition control system

Inner structure of ignition coil of

Components of ignition control system

Wire connection between coils

Components of ignition control system

External appearance of ignition coil

Components of ignition control system

Electric supply method using distributor

Components of ignition control system

Components of ignition control system

Isolation wall for

Thermal flow and temperature of sparkplug

Components of ignition control system

Insulator temperature : 280

Cylinder head temperature :

Relations between heat rating and shape

Components of ignition control system

Low heat rating

High heat rating

Temperature of ceramic tip