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KARAKTERISTIK KOMUNIKAN
Karakteristik Komunikan
Pendekatan Psikoanalisis
Pendekatan Behaviorisme
Pendekatan Humanisme
Pendekatan Kognitifisme
Different
Psychologist
make different
assumptions
about particular
aspects of a
person..
Psychoanalytic Approach
Psychoanalytic Principles
Denotes the active forces within personalty
and inner causes of behavior
Much of behavior determined by unconscious
thought, wishes, memories and so on. What
were consciously aware tip of the
iceberg
Most thoughts are not accessible at the
moment (preconscious) or totally inaccessible
(unconscious)
. some hyphothesis are difficult to test empirically
Behaviorism
Approach
Pendekatan
Behaviorisme
Watson (1913)
Operant Conditioning
(Instrumental Conditioning)
A learning process in which
responses that are usually
voluntary (and thus
emitted) come to be
controlled by their
consequences.
Repetition: repeated
exposure increase the
strength of stimulusresponse association.
Behaviorism Principles
Emphasize the role of environmental factors
in influencing behavior.
Focus on learning ( Classical or Operant
Conditioning)
Referred to Stimulus Response Psychology :
explain observable behavior (responses) in
terms of environmental events (stimuli).
Stressing on operational definitions: defining
concept in terms of observable and measurable.
The aim is to predict and to control
Both the
psychoanalytic and
behaviorist approaches
are deterministics..
Pendekatan
Humanistik
Humanistic
Approach
Humanistic Principles
Humanistic believe that people are rational,
aware of what they are doing and why.
People help determine their own behavior,
and arent simply slave of their environment
of their past.
Individuals as interpreters of themselves and
their world, behavior must be understood in
terms of the individuals subjective
experience, from the perspective of the
actor.
Cognitive psychologist
assumed any
information processing
model would apply
equally to everyone.
But individual
differences are
apparent.
Cognitive Principles
Cognitivism forced to seek analogies and
metaphor when trying to describe
construct within the brain.
Internal mental abilities are information
processing systems (adopted concept
from computer science) including
coding, channel capacity, serial/parallel
processing and so on.