The word research means to search again or to

examine carefully.,
Research is systematic inquiry, or study to validate and
refine existing knowledge and develop new knowledge.

The ultimate goal of research is the development of a

body of knowledge for a discipline or profession such as
nursing

 Nursing research help the nurses in a variety of

settings answer question about patient care, education

and administration. Research ensures that the
practices are based on evidence rather than tradition.
Nursing research can be done in education,
administration and patient in care.

 NEED OF RESEARCH IN NURSING

1.

To maintain the professionalism , ie: professional dignity

2.

To have autonomy in nursing.

3.

To have accountability .

4.

To develop critical thinking, creativity , and problem solving

technique.
5.

To develop new technique of nursing intervention.

6.

To evaluate the effectiveness of new nursing techniques.

7.

To develop a scientific body of knowledge

8.

To answer problem relating to health delivery and care

9.

To determine areas of need relating to education, IPR and patient

teaching.

1873

Linda Richards became known as Americas first

trained nurse.

1879

Mary Eliza Mahoney became known as Americas

first trained African-American nurse.

1893

The Nightingale pledge was written and

administered

1900

American Journal of Nursing was first published.

1901

United States Army Nurse Corps was established.

1902

First nurse practice acts were passed

1908

United States Navy Nurse Corps established.

CONTRIBUTION OF NIGHTINGALE
Research in nursing began with Florence Nightingale. Her Notes

on nursing (1859) , describes her early interest in environmental

factors that promote physical and emotional wellbeing.
Nightingales most widely known research contribution involved
her analysis of factors affecting soldier mortality and morbidity
during the Crimean war.

Based on her skilful analyses and presentations , she was

successful in effecting some changes in nursing care and more
generally in public health

 1900, Most studies focused on nursing education like

educational preparation and clinical experience of nursing

students
But limited basis to publish their studies, though the American

journal of nursing has published on 1900s

Lack of research in nursing practice
1960, advances in nursing research occurred, .

International journal of nursing and Canadian journal of

nursing published in 1963

By the 1970s , number of nurses conducted research studies.

journals were established in the united states in the 1970s,
advances in nursing sciences , research in nursing and health, and
the western journal of nursing research.
1970s , nursing research from areas such as teaching,
curriculum, and nurses themselves to the improvement of client
care, practice.
Nursing research also expanded internationally. The journal of
advanced nursing , the premier international journal of nursing
research, began publication in the united kingdom in 1976.

availability of computers for the collection and the analysis of

information, and an ever growing recognition that research is an
integral part of professional nursing.
. the first volume of the Annual Review of Nursing Research was
published in 1983. These annual reviews include summaries of current
research evidence on selected areas of research practice and
encourage utilization of research findings
in 1986 of the National Centre for Nursing Research (NCNR)at the
National institute of health(NIH).
The purpose of NCNR was to promote and financially support

research projects and training relating to patient care.

In 1993, the National institute of Nursing Research (NINR) was born.

In 1986 ,the NCNR had a budget of 16$ million , whereas in fiscal
year 1999, the budget for NINR had grown to about $70 million
journals were established during the 1990s in response to the growth
in clinically oriented research and interest in EBP among nurses ,
including clinical nursing research ,clinical effectiveness, and outcomes
management for nursing practice

The priorities established by CORP in 1994included low birth weight ,

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, long-term care ,
symptom management ,nursing informatics, health promotion.

YEAR

EVENTS

1871

School of nursing started in general hospital, madras

1908

TNAI established

1809

Bombay presidency association

1911

South Indian board of nursing association

1912

Nurses registration act was formed at madras

1930

Christian nurses auxiliary formed

1941

Standardized pay scales and terms of services formed in

madras
Bhore committee submitted report with recommendation
of various aspects of nursing profession

1946

YEAR

EVENTS

1947

Indian nursing council act passed on 31-12-1947

1948

First meeting of Indian nursing council was held

1951

Establishment of urban field teaching centre is started

at college of nursing , Delhi

1952

Establishment of residential field teaching centre for

teaching community heath nursing at rural area under
delhi college of nursing

1953

Miss. Edith Buchannan ,sent for Columbia university to

earn doctorate in education through WHO felowiship

1955

Establishment of child guidance clinic, at college of

nursing

1955

Miss. Margareta attended ICN met on france and

presented the need of research in nursing

YEAR

EVENTS

1959

Master of nursing programme was started on R.A.K

college of nursing

1961

Mudhaliar committee established to make to improve

nursing profession

1964

Dr. Mary furguson with other leaders conducted studies

on nursing and non nursing functions of nursing
personnel

1966

TNAI established research studies under the

chairmanship of miss.margrata craig

1976

Dr.marie farell and Dr. Aparna of R.A.K college of nursing

conducted seminars on nursing research to strength the
nursing research in india.

1977

TNAI and Co-coordinating agency for health promotion

Nursing Survey in india

1978

Government nurse association of karnataka established

YEAR

EVENTS

1981

Dr.Farrel and Dr.Bhaduris book on , health research

published by W.H.O

1986

NRSI was established

1986

M.Phil programme on nursing was started on R.A.K

college of nursing

1988

R.A.K college of nursing was designated asworld

health collaboration centre for nursing developments

1992

Phd. In nursing programme started at R.A.K CON

P.h.d at nimhans
2001
Nursing education furnished in an unprecedented
2002 onwards manner through out ondia

RESEARCH PRIORITIES IN NURSING

Epidemiological Studies
Studies on the conditions of life and well-being

An evaluation of health policies and health services

Health promotion

From the perspective of nursing as a profession

From the perspective of the patient and his/her family,

BARRIERS AND
FACILITATORS
OF NURSING RESEARCH
UTILIZATION

AREA
ORGANISATION

BARRIERS
INSUFFICIENT AUTHORITY TO CHANGE PATIENT CARE
ADMN NOT ALLOWING IMPLIMENTATION
INADEQUATE FACILITIES FOR IMPLIMENTATION

PRESENTATION AND
ACCESSIBILITY OF
RESEARCH

STATISTICAL ANALYSES ARE NOT UNDERSTANDABLE

LITERATURE IS NOT COMPLIED AT ONE PLACE

RESEARCH ARTICLE ARE NOT READILY AVAILABLE

CHARACTERISTICS
OF INNOVATION

LITERATURE REPORTS CONFLICTING RESULITS

METHODOLOGICAL INADEQUACIES OF RESEARCH
RESEARCH REPORTS/ARTICLE ARE NOT PUBLISHED
FAST ENOUGH

THE FACILITATORS OF NURSING RESEARCH

Increased administrative support and encouragement are needed
colleague support and time to review and implement research
findings.

First and foremost is the creation of an environment in which

nurses are comfortable
Questioning and evaluating current practice, seeking out
research based solutions to care problems, and testing them in
trials appropriately.

Developing nurses research skills through attendance at

conferences, continuing education, and in-service workshops.
Research utilization is expected and rewarded

Importance of Nursing Research

Nurses ask questions aimed at gaining new knowledge to improve
patient care.

Research-based (evidence based) practice = integrating

research findings into clinical decision making
Accountability for care-related decisions; research expands
nursing practice
Reinforce identity of nursing as a profession knowing/

understanding pts. health care experience

,I

have concluded that research in nursing practice has several

purposes:
a) to increase knowledge in the field, thus laying the basic foundations
for the practice of patient care,
b) to build up evidence for such practice;
c) to contribute to the attention of the populations need for health,
quality of life and wellbeing,
d) to guide efficiency in health and nursing services, ensuring quality
and cost-benefit,
e) to generate the knowledge that guides educational and regulatory
policies in the nursing profession