COMPOUNDING &

DISPENSING
Prof. Dr. Henny Lucida, Apt

History

Pharmacy is the art or practice of preparing and

preserving drugs, and of compounding and
dispensing medicines according to the prescriptions
of physicians
Pharmacy is (1) the art, practice, or profession of
preparing, preserving, compounding and dispensing
medical drugs and (2) a place where medicines are
compounded or dispensed

History (contd)

Pharmacy is the science, art, and practice of

preparing, preserving, compounding, and
dispensing medicinal drugs and of giving
instructions for their use

Definition

Compounding: meracik

Pharmaceutical Compounding
Compounded Formulations
Dispensing: menyerahkan
Dispensing of medication

New paradigm of pharmacy

profession

a paradigm shift in pharmacy practice is

occurring.
Over the past 40 years, the pharmacists
role has changed from that of
compounder anddispenser to one of drug
therapy manager.

Pharmacists have the potential to improve

therapeutic outcomes and patients quality of
life within available resources, and must
position themselves at the forefront of the
health care system.

Compounding (old version)

Means the preparation, mixing, assembling,
packaging, or labeling of a drug or device
(1) As the result of a practitioners Prescription
(2) For the purpose of doing research, teaching
or chemical analysis

Compounding today

Is rapidly growing component of pharmacy practice,

due to:
Individualized patient therapy
Lack of commercially available products
Home health care
Intravenous admixture programs
Total parenteral nutrition programs
Problem solving for the physician and patient to
enhance compliance with a specific therapeutic
regimen

life-style medicines treatments for

ailments like baldness, dry skin, wrinkles or
erectile dysfunction

Future Challenges

The physician prescribed and the pharmacist

dispensed. However, there is substantial
evidence to show that the traditional method of
prescribing and dispensing medication is no
longer appropriate to ensure safety,
effectiveness and adherence to drug therapy.

The consequences of medicine-related errors

are costly in terms of hospitalizations,
physician visits, laboratory tests and remedial
therapy.
In developed countries, 4%10% of all
hospital inpatients experience an adverse drug
reaction mainly due to the use of multiple
drug therapy, especially in the elderly and
patients with chronic diseases.

In the USA, for example, it is the 4th6th

leading cause of death and is estimated to cost
up to US$130 billion a year.
Elsewhere, in the UK it accounted for 466
million (over US$812 million) in 2004

Trends kematian di AS akibat peresepan vs kecelakaan berbagai

alat transportasi,19791998 (1979 D 1).

Increase in US medication error deaths, Lancet, February 28, 1998

Annual Accidental Deaths (IOM

1999)
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Medical

Auto

Workplace

Air

Pharmacist

A unique professionals
A single mistake in the daily practice of their
profession may result in potential tragedy
Possess knowledge and skills that are not
duplicated by any other profession

THE PHARMACISTS
EXPANDING ROLE
As the experts in medicines, pharmacists
have always been known as an accessible
and trusted source of advice and treatment.
Today, their contribution to health care is
developing in new ways to support patients
in their use of medicines and as a part of
clinical decision-making
across the range of specialisms.

Pharmacies are open all day, are convenient

for most people to get to and there is no need
for
an appointment to see the pharmacist. All this
makes pharmacies the natural first port of call
for help with common ailments.

Self-treatment of common ailments is

becoming more popular as a growing range of
safe, effective medicines becomes available
from the pharmacy without the need for a
doctors prescription.
Pharmacists have the expertise to advise both
on the choice of medicines and their safe and
effective use.

The right choice of self-treatment can prevent

some conditions from
developing or help others clear up more
quickly.
Adapted from: What we do. Royal
Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.
Available at:
http://www.rpsgb.org.uk/public/pharmacists/w
hat_we_do/index.html