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8E Atoms and
Elements
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Contents
How many
different substances
can you think of?
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hydrogen and
oxygen atoms
carbon and
hydrogen atoms
iron, aluminium,
silicon, oxygen
and boron atoms
carbon, nitrogen,
hydrogen, oxygen
and sulphur atoms
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2004
What is an element?
All substances are made of very tiny particles called atoms.
There are about one hundred substances that are made up
of just one type of atom. These are the elements.
carbon
helium
copper
The elements are the simplest substances in the universe.
The elements are the building blocks of all other substances.
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Atoms in elements
An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom.
Copper is an
element made up of
copper atoms only.
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Carbon is an
element made up of
carbon atoms only.
Helium is an
element made up of
helium atoms only.
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Contents
H = hydrogen
C = carbon
F = fluorine
Others elements have
the first two letters.
Li = lithium
Al = aluminium
He = helium
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O = oxygen
N = nitrogen
I = iodine
Some of the symbols are not
always as you might expect.
Pb = lead
Au = gold
Ag = silver
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CHeSS
SON
COAl
SHOAl
BIN
oxygen
nitrogen
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O2
N2
There are
groups of
two atoms
in each
molecule.
Contents
Arranging elements
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Metal or non-metal?
Is this element a metal or a non-metal ?
Hard to
say!
H
He
Li Be
B C N O
iron
(Fe)
antimony
(Sb)
iodine
(I)
copper
(Cu)
phosphorus
(P)
sulfur (S)(Mg)
magnesium
Na Mg
Al Si P S
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ? ?
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F Ne
Cl Ar
Br Kr
I Xe
At Rn
Xe
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Li Be
Na Mg
K Ca Sc
Rb Sr Y
Cs Ba La
Fr Ra Ac
Ti
Zr
Hf
Rf
metalloid
non-metal
metal
He
B C N O
Al Si P S
V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te
Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po
Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ? ?
F
Cl
Br
I
At
Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe
Rn
Metals are on
Metalloids sometimes
Non-metals
the left and in
behave like metals and
are mostly
the centre. sometimes like non-metals. on the right.
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Contents
Combining elements
How is possible to have so many different materials from
a limited number of elements?
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Combining elements
How do you get so many
different cheeses?
What is the key ingredient
in all cheeses?
Milk is combined with a
small number of ingredients
under different conditions to
make a huge number of
different cheeses.
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What is a compound?
A compound is the substance produced when two or more
elements combine in a chemical reaction.
elements
carbon
oxygen
combines
with
A black solid
which can be
used as a fuel.
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compound
carbon dioxide
to make
A colourless gas
which is essential
for life.
A colourless gas
which is used
to put out fires.
elements
oxygen
hydrogen
combines
with
A colourless gas
which is used in
hot air balloons.
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compound
water
to make
A colourless gas
which is essential
for life.
A liquid which is
essential to our
lives and has many
different uses.
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Element or compound?
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Element or compound?
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Contents
+
hydrogen
oxygen
water
hydrogen
oxygen
water
H H
+ O
H H
In a chemical reaction, the atoms in the reactants
become joined in different ways and this is how
new substances are formed.
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Contents
Glossary
Anagrams
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Multiple-choice quiz
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