TERMS

DAY LIGHTING
TYPES OF LAMPS
FACTORS CONSIDERATION FOR
INTERIOR LIGHTING
SPECIFIC LIGHTING
ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING
RESIDENTIAL LIGHTING DESIGN

Terms
Luminous Intensity (I)
The illuminating power of a light source

Luminous flux (F)

The flow of light measured in lumens

Illuminance (E)
The measure of light falling on a surface

Luminance (L)
The measured brightness of a surface

Color temperature
Color temperature is used to denote the color of a light source by
comparison with The color of a standardized black body radiator
Color temperature is measured in Kelvin(K) temperature.
higher Kelvin temperatures (36005500 K) considered cool
lower color temperatures (27003000 K) considered warm.
Cool light is preferred for visual tasks because it produces higher contrast than
warm light.
Warm light is preferred for livingspaces because it is more flattering to skin tones
and clothing.
A color temperature of 27003600 K is generally recommended for most indoor
general and task lighting applications
Light colour of lamps:
warm white < 3,300 k
neutral white 3,3005,300 k
daylight white > 5,300 k

The purpose of all lighting is to produce illumination

Light and color
The way we perceive colors under artificial light depends on the color rendering
properties of the lamps.

Lamps with good color rendering properties produce natural colors ,

lamps with poor color rendering properties cause color distortion
Color rendition:
How colors appear when illuminated by a light source.
The Color Rendition Index (CRI) is a 1100 scale that measures a light source's ability to
render colors
The top value of the CRI scale (100) is based on illumination by a 100
watt incandescent light bulb. A light source with a CRI of 80 or higher is considered
acceptable for most indoor residential applications
Minimum Lamp CRI Applications
50 Noncritical industrial, storage, and security lighting.
5070 Industrial and general illumination where color is not important.
7079 Most office, retail, school, medical, and other work and recreationalspaces.
8089 Retail, work, and residential spaces where color quality is important.
90100 Retail and work spaces where color rendering is critical.

UTILISATION FACTOR
REFELECTION & ABSORPTION FACTOR
SURFACE FINISHING
SURFACE COLOUR
AREA OF OCCUPATION
WHITE
CONCRETE
RED BRICKS
LIGHT COLOURS
COAL

- 80%
- 45%
- 25%
- 60%
- 5%

The Utilization Factor indicates which percentage of the light reaches the working
surface. The UF depends on the shape of the room and on the reflection factors
of reflecting surfaces.

DAY LIGHTING

Day lighting Concepts

To reduce the solar heat gain indirect lighting

Effective day lighted area extends into the building only

about 2 times the width of a window and
about 2 to 2.5 times its height.

Minimize east and west side windows

Improve north and south facing openings
North facing windows give high amount of light
into the buildings. (Industries)

FACTORS CONSIDERATION FOR

INTERIOR LIGHTING

Time
How long it takes to see an object clearly.
Best conditions- need less than one
sixteenth of a second for the eye to register
an image
Shadowing
Where there is light, there is also shadow
the light should fall - for a right-handed
person- from the left .
If the light comes from the right, we write in
the shadow of our own hand
Productivity depends on Eye Strain
2000 Lux
- 100%
500 Lux
- 99%
100 Lux
- 95%
Age Factor
Iris become less elastic
60 years 5 times light of 40 years old
40 years 3 times light of 10 years old

ANGLE OF LIGHT INCIDENCE

45 TO 85 -UNCOMFORT

Class

Nature of Work space

Lux level

Minimum Amenity Lighting for all

work space

Simple Eye task Rough work

250-500

Normal Continuous observation

500-1000

Continuous Precise Eye task

1000-2000

Very fine work

ESSENTIALS OF GOOD LIGHTING

GLARE FREE
ADEQUATE
UNIFORM
HARMONIOUS
ECONOMICALLY PRODUCED

150

>2000

FUNCTIONS OF LIGHTING
The functions of lighting include:
Illumination: The simple ability to see. Any lighting design will be
ineffective if the viewer has to strain to see the characters; unless this is the
explicit intent.
Revelation of form: Altering the perception of shapes , particularly threedimensional stage elements.
Focus: Directing the attention to an area or distracting them from another.
Mood: Setting the tone of a scene. Harsh red light has a totally different
effect than soft lavender light.
Location and time of day: Establishing or altering position in time and
space.
Projection/stage elements: Lighting may be used to project scenery or to
act as scenery.
Plot: A lighting event may trigger or advance the action.
Composition: Lighting may be used to show only the areas which the
designer wants to see, and to "paint a picture".

DIRECT LIGHTING
Lamp surface directly visible
High Glare
Non Uniform light distribution

SEMI DIRECT LIGHTING

Lamp will be used along with louvers
Lamp is partially visible
Louvers distribute light
Reasonable uniform lighting

INDIRECT LIGHTING
Best lighting system Uniform Lighting
Diffuser completely covers lamp
Glare free
Zero strain on human eyes
Expensive High Energy Cost
Ideal for Office & Computer Centre

SEMI INDIRECT LIGHTING

Model Lighting System
Night Lamp
Create pleasant moods

TYPES OF LAMPS

Fluorescent lamps

Conventional Fluorescent
lamp
Efficacy 54 Lumens /
Watt
CRI 77%
High Efficiency Fluorescent
lamp
Efficacy 86 Lumens /
Watt
CRI 86%
Tri-phosphor coated
Krypton Increase life
40% Efficient than
conventional tube light
Ideal choice for New
Project(Design Stage)
Where existing lighting is
poor

Incandescent lamp
Wide operating voltage
Most inefficient form of lighting
More heat than light
10-12 Lumens / watt
Working temp. 1900K
100% Colour Rendering index

Filament lamp filled with Mercury Gas

High Intensity Lamp
Luminous Intensity 20Lumens/Watt
Colour rendering index 75%
Suitable for Imitation Jewelry Shop

Mercury vapour lamps

Produce White Light

Luminous Efficacy 55-60Lumens/Watt
Colour Rendering Index 55%
Olden Days factory inside lighting
applications
Nowadays replaced with Metal Halide
Lamp

High Intensity discharge lamp

Latest Generation High

Intensity lamp
Produce White light
Luminous Efficacy 80 to
100 Lumens/Watt
Colour rendering index
85%
Factory, Stadium &
Monument Lighting
Applications

Compact fluorescent lamps

New Generation High Efficacy Lamp

45-85 Lumens / Watt
Good Color rendering Index 85%
Compact Shape
More Life time 8000 Hours
Good Alternative for filament lamp
Ideal for Star Hotels, Shops, Gardens & Walk Ways

Induction lamps

Induction Lighting 55W,85W & 165W

High Frequency induction at 2.65
MHz
Luminous efficiency 70Lumens/Watt
High colour Rendering index 90%
100000Hrs of operation 25Years
Light fixed at huge towers
Airport, Tunnel & City lighting
Street lighting
High CRI

LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many

devices and are increasingly used for
other lighting.

Light-emitting diodes are used in

applications as diverse as aviation
lighting, automotive lighting, advertising,
general lighting, and traffic signals.
LEDs have allowed new text, video displays,
and sensors to be developed, while their
high switching rates are also useful in
advanced communications technology.
Infrared LEDs are also used in the remote
control units of many commercial products
including televisions, DVD players, and
other domestic appliances.
LEDs

The Shapes & Forms Of Lighting

Hall/Foyer Fixtures

Wall-Mounted
Fixtures

Chandeliers

Portable Lamps

Track Lighting

Pendants

Bath/Vanity
Lighting Strips

Ceiling Fixtures

Under cabinet/ Under

shelf Fixtures

Recessed Lighting

SPECIFIC LIGHTING

Task lighting
Task lighting is lighting which is focused on a specific area to make the completion of visual
tasks ease.
helps you perform specific tasks such as reading, sewing, cooking, homework, hobbies,
games, or balancing your checkbook.

It can be provided by recessed and track lighting, pendant lighting, and portable lamps.
Task lighting should be free of distracting glare and shadows and should be bright enough to
prevent eyestrain.

Task - Accent Lighting

Lighting used to emphasize or draw attention to a special object or
building adds drama to a room by creating visual interest.
As part of a decorating scheme, it is used to spotlight paintings,
houseplants, sculpture, and other prized possessions, or to highlight
the texture of a wall, drapery or outdoor landscaping.
Accent lighting requires at least three times as much light on the focal
point as the general lighting around it.

This usually is provided by track, recessed, or wall-mounted fixtures.

Task - Flood lighting

A fixture designed to "flood" a well defined area withlight.

Ambient lighting
Provides an area with overall illumination.
Radiates a comfortable level of brightness, enabling one to
see and walk about safely.

Ambience - Mood lighting

which are designed simply to illuminate various regions of a space,
sometimes creating specific desired effects.

Ambience - Concealed lighting

which are designed simply to illuminate various regions of a space,
sometimes creating specific desired effects.

Ambience - Outdoor lighting

Outdoor lighting has to take various elements into account:

The effect should be achieved and what needs to be made visible

The desired level of light ( which allows the number of lamps and
luminaries to be designed)
What sort of lamp is most suitable
Where the lights can be placed.
As far as the positioning is concerned, a combination can be made of
the following options:
On the building
On the ground in front of the faade
On masts or poles.

Task - Outdoor lighting

Steps, paths, and driveways should be
illuminated to make sure guests are able
to move about easily and safely after
dark.
Low-level path lights, which spread
circular patterns of light, will brighten
your walkway, while highlighting nearby
flower beds, shrubs, and ground cover.
spotlight in the
branches of a
nearby tree.

Low-level path lights can also be used to

define the boundaries of long driveways.
Use shielded fixtures to avoid glare.

ENERGY EFFICIENT
LIGHTING

Solar Lighting System

Lens to converge sun light at Roof top

Fiber optic cable for light transmission
Lens to diffuse light at rooms
For daytime lighting applications
Practiced in green buildings

Replace GLS Lamp with CFL Lamp in Corridors & Walkways

Compact Fluorescent Lamps only use 20 to
30 % wattage of incandescent lamps.
Use 25mm dia slim tubelights of 36 W instead 38mm dia 40 W lamps, thereby 8%
electricity can be reduced with same output.

Optimized use of halogen spotlights for accent lighting

Metal halide lamps for external lighting - Energy efficient
lighting.
LEDs

RESIDENTIAL LIGHTING
DESIGN

Living rooms

Reading
accent lighting for
artwork, plants, and
interesting architectural
features.

Bars can be lighted from

above with recessed or
track fixtures, or with
miniature, low-voltage
pendants that hover
intimately over the bar.

Dining rooms

A chandelier is the focal point of the dining room . Suspended it serves as a decorative
style element that enhances the beauty. When the light is dimmed, a soft, glowing
atmosphere similar to candlelight is created. If equipped with a down light, the
chandelier provides task lighting for the table and accent lighting for a centerpiece.
Recessed or track lighting provides general lighting, while enabling you to highlight
prized possessions throughout the room. A ring of four recessed down lights around the
dining table supplements the light from the chandelier, while providing accent lighting
for your tableware. The pure white light of low-voltage fixtures with tungsten-halogen
bulbs will make your crystal and silverware sparkle.

A buffet or sideboard can be flanked with wall sconces on either side.

Choose fixtures that complement the style of your chandelier. Displayed
objects can be accented with recessed down lights installed in the ceiling
above.
Dinettes, nooks, and island counters can be lighted with decorative
pendants. When used with a dimmer control, these ceiling-hung fixtures will
provide you with adequate task lighting for homework, hobbies, or family
business and allow you to lower the light for dining or entertaining.

Kitchen

A large ceiling fixture, equipped with energy-efficient fluorescent tubes will

supply plenty of well-diffused general lighting, but it may leave you working in
your own shadow at the sink, range, and countertops. These areas need
supplemental task lighting. For example, two track lights over the sink will give
you the illumination you need for washing dishes and scouring pots and pans.
At the sink and range, an individual recessed down light, equipped with an
energy-efficient compact fluorescent tube, will provide you with adequate task
lighting when installed in the ceiling or in soffits over these two busy work areas.

Under cabinet lighting is ideal for countertops. Mount as close to the front of the
cabinets as possible to avoid glare reflecting off work surfaces. cover at least two-thirds
the length of the counter.
Kitchen cabinets can be accentuated by placing low-voltage mini-lights over, under, or
inside cabinets.
Soffits and other concealed locations can also be treated effectively with this type of
lighting. These inconspicuous strips of miniature incandescent bulbs will highlight your
cabinetry, while adding a warm, comfortable atmosphere to your kitchen.

Bedroom

General lighting can be provided by ceiling fixtures, chandeliers, fan lights, recessed
down lights, or wall sconces, giving you the illumination you need to dress and see into
drawers and closets.
At the dressing table, an adjustable, lighted magnifying mirror will provide ideal lighting
for grooming and applying makeup.

For closets, a recessed or surface-mounted closet light is suggested.

Swing-arm wall lamps on either side of the bed will provide adequate light for reading,
while leaving night tables free for a clock-radio, books, or beverages.
Another idea is to hang pendants next to the bed, or install recessed down lights in the
ceiling over the bed.

Bathroom

In the bathroom, shadow-free lighting for shaving, grooming, and applying makeup. In small
bathrooms, mirror lights will illuminate the entire room, but in
larger bathrooms, an additional ceiling fixture is needed for general lighting.
For small mirrors, decorative wall brackets on each side will illuminate both sides of your
face evenly Fixtures equipped with incandescent bulbs behind glass or plastic diffusers
provide the most flattering light.

Theatrical lighting strips around your bathroom mirror will give you the same excellent
lighting the stars enjoy in their Broadway dressing rooms.
Tub and shower enclosures can be adequately lighted by placing an enclosed damp-location
recessed down light in the ceiling. These down lights are also recommended over whirlpool
baths or in saunas

Low height 8 to 10 WIDE

LIGHTING

Medium height 10-16

MEDIUM LIGHTING
Maximum height Above 16
NARROW LIGHTING