Speciality Flow Meters

BY:
MANISHA NARVEKAR
29/11/2006
Flow Meters / Manisha Na
OPERATING COSTS ARE REDUCED BY

CHANGING PRACTICES
Best practices to reduce operating costs are:
1) Using flowmeters designed to Eliminate
Impulse Lines to minimize the need for
maintenance
2) Using Non-Mechanical Meters to minimize

maintenance costs.
3) Utilizing Predictive Maintenance to complete

maintenance only on those meters that
require it
4) Minimizing Permanent Pressure Loss

29/11/2006
ELIMINATING MECHANICAL METERS REDUCES

DOWNTIME AND MAINTENANCE COSTS
Large Obstruction to Wear

Moving Parts
No Obstruction to Wear
No Moving Parts
Liquid Turbine Meter Blade Wear causes inaccuracy and eventually down-time.
Blade Replacement represents almost 1/2 the price of a new meter
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ELIMINATING IMPULSE LINES REDUCES

POTENTIAL LEAK POINTS OVER 50%
Traditional Installation
Potential Leak Points = 28Pot. Leak Points = Pot. Leak Points = 5Pot. Leak Points =
8
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2 /4
MINIMISING PRESSURE LOSS
Pressure Loss
Depends on the flow technology selected
Pressure drop ranking
1. Coriolis
4. Vortex
6. Averaging Pitot
2. Orifice/Nozzle
5. Venturi
7. Mag/Ultrasonic
3. Turbine
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MAGNETIC
INDUCTIVE
FLOWMETERS
29/11/2006
Flow Meters / Manisha Narvekar
MAGNETIC FLOW METERS

PRINCIPLE
WORKING PRINCIPLE FARADAYS LAW
U=KxBxVxD
K = instrument constant
B = magnetic field strength
V = mean flow velocity
D = electrode spacing
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THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FLOW HEAD:
A measuring tube
A liner
A pair of electrodes
A pair of field coils
A magnetic shielding
A housing
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10
The signal voltage is picked up by electrodes that are in
conductive contact with process fluid & insulated from the

tube wall.
Flow rate is
The signal voltage Ui is converted by signal converter into

flow indication qi
And converted into standardized signals appropriate to the

process
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11
SELECTION OF MAG-METER OVER UFM
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12
SUITABLE INSTALLATION LOCATION
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13
MAGNETIC FLOW SENSOR

INSTALLATION GUIDELINES
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14
NEED OF GROUNDING
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Terms explained
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ADVANTAGES OF A MAGMETER
liner
No parts inside:
tube
Same diameter as mating

pipe:
Electrode
No moving parts:
With the liner we achieve..
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17
Contd...
The magnet field is present
flow strings
throughout the total

flowmeter.
VS
US
Result:
Excellent avaraging of the
flow profile allover the
complete pipe section.
Reduced effect of the
velocity profile onto the
measuring accuracy !
magnet field lines
29/11/2006
Short upstream straight

section required!
18
APPLICATION CRITERIA :
1)
Conductivity of the liquid.
2)
Effect of liquid operating temperature
3)
Magnetic flow meter must always be full
4)
Liquid should not contain entrained gases.
5)
Periodic cleaning is required if build-up is
there.
6)
Temperature limitation of a particular lining
material to be considered.
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19
CORIOLIS
FLOW METER
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20
MEASURING PRINCIPLE
The measuring principle is based on the

controlled generation of Coriolis Forces.
These forces are always present when
both translational and rotational
movements are superimposed.
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CHANGE IN PHASE SHIFT DUE TO TUBE

OSCILLATIONS
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CONSTRUCTION
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CHANGE IN PHASE SHIFT
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SELECTION OF CORIOLIS OVER ORIFICE
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25
PROCESS CONDITION
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26
ADVANTAGES :
1) A wide range of fluids that are often incompatible
with other flow measurement devices.
2) Independent of Reynolds number.
3) Coriolis flowmeters provide a direct mass flow
measurement .
4) Coriolis flowmeters have outstanding accuracy.
5) The rangeability of the flowmeters is usually on the
order of 20:1 or greater.
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27
Contd
5) A Coriolis flowmeter is capable of measuring
mass flow rate, volumetric flow rate, fluid density
and temperature - all from one instrument.
6) The operation of the flowmeter is independent

of flow characteristics such as turbulence and
flow profile.
7) Coriolis flow meters do not have internal

obstructions.
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28
LIMITATIONS :
1) Coriolis flowmeters are not available
for large pipelines.
2) Coriolis flowmeters are expensive.
3) Coriolis flow meters have difficulty
measuring the flow rate of low
pressure gas.
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ULTRASONIC
FLOW METER
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INTRODUCTION
1) Acoustic signals are transmitted and
received along a diagonal measuring path.
2) A sound wave going downstream with the

flow travels faster than a sound wave
going upstream against the flow.
3) The difference in transit time is directly

proportional to the flow velocity of the
liquid.
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THEORY OF OPERATION
Pulse transit times

measured
upstream &
Time difference t
downstream
proportional
to flow velocity V
Actual volume rate
from
V x cross-sectional
area
Pressure & Temperature inputs used to
compute ,
Standard Volume & Mass flow rates
Time over distance so timing and dimensions
are critical
to flow meter performance
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DIFFERENCE IN TRANSIT TIME
D = Pipe Diameter
Sensor
A
Transducer & Receiver of Acoustic Signals
Cm = Velocity of Sound
Flow velocity
Acoustic Signals
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Sensor
B
33
CALCULATION OF FLOW VELOCITY

Transit time = Distance
Speed
Transducer A
Downstream Sensor A to B
Cm
Vm
D
L
TA B
V cos
L
C + V cos
Upstream Sensor B to A
Transducer B
D =
L =
Vm =
Cm =
TBA
L
C - V cos
Pipe diameter
Acoustic path length
Flow velocity medium
Velocity of sound medium
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ULTRASONIC FLOW METERING-BY

METER TYPE
Flowmeters
Liquid
Gas / Steam
Wetted Clamp-on Portable
Wetted Clamp-on Portable
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ULTRASONIC FLOW METERING

THE ANATOMY: WETTED
Electronics or
Transmitter
Cables
Flowcell
Transducer
Preamplifiers (Gas
only)
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ULTRASONIC FLOW METERING

THE ANATOMY: CLAMP-ON
Electronics or Transmitter
Cables
Clamping Fixture
Transducer
Preamplifiers (Gas only)
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37
ULTRASONIC FLOW METERING-WETTED

INSTALLATION VS. CLAMP ON
Accuracy
Maintenance costs
Installation costs
Installation existing
pipes
Equipment costs
Temperature Range
Application to gas
Difficult Liquids
Leaks Paths
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Wetted
Clamp-On
<0.5%
1 2%
Near Zero
Low
Higher (Package)
Low
Tapping only
Yes no cutting
pipe
Higher
Lower
-200 to 600 deg C
-40 to 210 deg C
Straightforward
Challenging
Preferred
Yes
No
38
BWT TECHNOLOGY
Buffer Technology
Developed for:
High and Low Temperature
-200 to 600C
High Pressure
up to 500 bar
Attenuative fluids
High Viscosity up to
1000 cSt
Over wide range of
diameters
-200 to 600C
Piezoelemen
t
100C
Buffer
-200 to 600C
Traditional Buffer
Piezoelemen
t
100C
Buffer
Fiber Acoustics
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Piezoelement
-200 to 600C
Fiber acoustic Buffer
39
BWT TECHNOLOGY
The solution:
No Solid Rod but Fiber Acoustics named: BWT
Bundle Waveguide Technology System
Cool Piezoelement
Fiberacoustic Bundle
or waveguide
Hot Fluid
Sound
Flange
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BWT TECHNOLOGY
Signal Comparison
Solid Buffer
25.4 mm
Elongated Signal
Received Signals
Transmitted Signal
BWT buffer
Sharp Clean Signal
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SELECTION OF UFM OVER

ORIFICE
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PROCESS CONDITION
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SELECTION OF UFM OVER CORIOLIS
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ADVANTAGES
Non intrusive
No moving parts
- no wear
- no pressure loss
- no clogging
Fluid properties have no effect on performance
For conductive and non-conductive mediums
High accuracy over wide measuring range
High turndown ratio
Starts measuring from zero flow
Bi-directional
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SPECIFICATION SHEET FOR MAG-METER
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SPECIFICATION SHEET FOR UFM
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SPECIFICATION SHEET FOR CORIOLIS
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Speciality Flow Meters

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BY:

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

OPERATING COSTS ARE REDUCED BY

2) Using Non-Mechanical Meters to minimize

3) Utilizing Predictive Maintenance to complete

4) Minimizing Permanent Pressure Loss

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

ELIMINATING MECHANICAL METERS REDUCES

Large Obstruction to Wear

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

ELIMINATING IMPULSE LINES REDUCES

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

MINIMISING PRESSURE LOSS

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

Flow Meters / Manisha Narvekar

MAGNETIC FLOW METERS

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FLOW HEAD:

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

The signal voltage is picked up by electrodes that are in

conductive contact with process fluid & insulated from the

The signal voltage Ui is converted by signal converter into

And converted into standardized signals appropriate to the

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

SELECTION OF MAG-METER OVER UFM

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

SUITABLE INSTALLATION LOCATION

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

MAGNETIC FLOW SENSOR

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

Same diameter as mating

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

throughout the total

magnet field lines

Short upstream straight

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

Conductivity of the liquid.

Effect of liquid operating temperature

Magnetic flow meter must always be full

Liquid should not contain entrained gases.

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

The measuring principle is based on the

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

CHANGE IN PHASE SHIFT DUE TO TUBE

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

CHANGE IN PHASE SHIFT

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

SELECTION OF CORIOLIS OVER ORIFICE

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

6) The operation of the flowmeter is independent

7) Coriolis flow meters do not have internal

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

Flow Meters / Manisha Na

received along a diagonal measuring path.

2) A sound wave going downstream with the