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  • 11 Echinodermata

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    Elmy Zola Ginting
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    Echinodermata are radially symmetrical marine animals with a water vascular system and external fertilization. They include sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars, and sea lilies. Sea stars have five arms radiating from a central disc and use tube feet to move and feed. Sea urchins have a spherical body enclosed in a shell or test covered in movable spines. Sea cucumbers lack arms and have a soft, elongated body. Sea lilies attach to the seafloor via a stalk and have arms bearing pinnules for filter feeding.

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    11-Echinodermata

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    Echinodermata are radially symmetrical marine animals with a water vascular system and external fertilization. They include sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars, and sea lilies. Sea stars have five arms radiating from a central disc and use tube feet to move and feed. Sea urchins have a spherical body enclosed in a shell or test covered in movable spines. Sea cucumbers lack arms and have a soft, elongated body. Sea lilies attach to the seafloor via a stalk and have arms bearing pinnules for filter feeding.

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    8 views16 pages

    11 Echinodermata

    Uploaded by

    Elmy Zola Ginting
    Echinodermata are radially symmetrical marine animals with a water vascular system and external fertilization. They include sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars, and sea lilies. Sea stars have five arms radiating from a central disc and use tube feet to move and feed. Sea urchins have a spherical body enclosed in a shell or test covered in movable spines. Sea cucumbers lack arms and have a soft, elongated body. Sea lilies attach to the seafloor via a stalk and have arms bearing pinnules for filter feeding.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 16

    PhylumEchinodermata

    GeneralCharacteristics
    Adultsexhibitpentamerousradialsymmetry
    Radiallysymmetryissecondary;larvaearebilaterallysymmetricaland
    undergometamorphosistobecomeradiallysymmetricaladults.

    Echinodermlarva

    GeneralCharacteristicscont.

    Poorlyganglionated;possessfewsensorystructures
    Bodywallcontainsanendoskeletonofcalcareousplatesossicles

    GeneralCharacteristicscont.

    Possessanetworkofcanalsthroughoutthebodywatervascular
    system.
    Thecanalsareconnectedtoextensionscalledtubefeet(=podia),
    locatedontheoralsurface
    Thewatervascularsystemisimportantforlocomotion,feeding,and
    gasexchange.

    Sexesareseparate;gametesshedintothewater;fertilizationisexternal

    EchinodermDiversity

    ClassAsteroidea
    Typicallyhave5armswhichmergewithacentraldisc
    Mouthislocatedinthecenteroforalsurfacewhichisdirected
    downward

    WaterVascularSystem
    Ontheaboralsurfaceistheopeningofthewatervascularsystemthe
    madreporite(=sieveplate)
    Waterentersthemadreporiteandgoesthroughthestonecanalcanal
    totheringcanal
    Waterthenpassesthrougharadialcanalextendingintoeacharm
    Allalongthelengthofthesecanalsarelateralcanalsthatterminate
    inabulblikestructurescalledampullaeequippedwithtubefeet
    Tubefeetlinethegroovesontheoralsurfaceambulacralgrooves

    HowthePodiaOperate
    Ampullacontractandforcefluidintothepodiacausingitto
    becomeextended
    Suckersatthetipsofthepodiacomeintocontactwiththesubstrate
    andadheretothesurface
    Thenthepodiacontract,therebyforcingwaterbackintothe
    ampulla,andthebodyispulledforward

    Nutrition
    Mouthleadstoa2part
    stomach:alargecardiac
    stomachandasmaller
    pyloricstomach
    Thepyloricstomach
    connectswithdigestive
    glands(=pyloriccecae)that
    runsintoeacharm
    Ashortintestineextendsfromfromthepyloricstomachtoananuson
    theaboralsurface
    Associatedwiththeintestinearerectalcecaethatpumpthefecal
    wastesoutoftheanus

    AdditionalCharacteristics
    Theendoskeltonismadeupofcalcareousplatesthatoftenpenetrate
    thedermisasspines
    Betweenthespinesandplatesareprojectionscalledpapulae,which
    functioningasexchangeandexcretion
    Otherprojectionsonthebodywallincludetinyjawlikeappendages
    calledpedicellaria

    ClassEchinoidea
    Lackarms
    Bodyisenclosedinashellortest
    Bodysurfaceisusuallycoveredwithmoveablespines

    SeaUrchins
    Sphericalbody
    Ambulacralplatesbearingtube
    feetthatradiateouttowardthe
    aboralsurface
    Usepodiaandspinesduring
    locomotion
    Thespinesaremoveableand
    articulatewiththewiththe
    calcareousossicles

    Seaurchinsgenerallyfeedbyscrapingalgaeoffofrocks
    Accomplishedviaacomplexchewingapparatuscalled
    Aristotle'slantern

    ClassHolothuroidea
    Lackarms
    Oralaboralaxisisgreatlyextended
    Endoskeletonisreducedtoafewossicles
    scatteredoverthesurfaceoftheanimal
    makingthemrathersoftbodied
    Somespeciescrawlalongthesubstrate
    usingpodia;othershaveperistaltic
    locomotionviamusclecontractions

    Dermalossicles

    Attheoralendofthebodyareagroupoftentacles(modified
    podia)thatsurroundthemouth;usedinfeeding
    Haveamuscularcloacathatispartlyusedingasexchange
    Theactualgasexchangestructuresarebranchingstructurescalled
    respiratorytrees

    ClassCrinoidea

    Mostprimitiveoftheechinoderms
    Unusualinthattheoralsurfaceis
    directedupward
    Aboralsurfaceisattachedtothe
    substratebymeansofabendable
    stalk
    Theportionofthecrinoidbody
    attachedtothestalkiscalledthe
    crown;bearsanumberofarms
    Alongthelengthofthearmsare
    branchescalledpinnules
    Thearmsandthepinnuleshave
    ambulacralgrooveswithsuckerless
    podia(secretemucus)
    Theambulacralgroovesareheavily
    ciliatedandtheciliaisusedtodirect
    foodtothemouth(=filterfeeding)

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