Tsunami Detector

S.Vamshi
Reddy
11B91A04A1
ECE

Tsunami
A sea wave of local or distant origin that results from
large-scale seafloor displacements associated with
large earthquakes, major submarine slides, or
exploding volcanic islands.

Regular Wind Generated Wave

Speed: 10-20 mph

10 Feet

300 Feet

Tsunami in Deep Ocean

Speed: 450-650 mph

1-2 Feet
316,800 Feet

Tsunami Approaching Shore

Speed: 35-220 mph

10-100+ Feet

5,000 10,000 Feet

Tsunami Cycle
Underlying
Geological
Event

Water
Displaced

Detection
Opportunities

Tidal
Surge

Wave
Propagation
Tidal
Withdraw

Detection
Phase
Phase 11

Geologic
Geologic
Activity
Activity

Phase
Phase 22

Wave
Wave
Activity
Activity

Phase
Phase 33

Coastline
Coastline
Activity
Activity

Current State of the Art

Satellite

Surface Buoy

Hydrophone
Acoustic Link
5,000 M
Tsunami
Detector
Anchor
Gonzalez, F.I. (1999): Tsunami!. Scientific American, 280(5), 56-65

Advantages & Drawbacks

Advantages
Deep water pressure
produces relatively low
false-positives as winddriven waves do not
generate deep pressure
differentials
Multiple sensors can
triangulate epicenter of
water displacement and
wave propagation can be
predicted.
Good advance warning

Drawbacks

Expensive equipment
High maintenance
Requires multiple
communication links:

Sonar
Satellite uplink
Satellite downlink
Last-mile notification to
authorities
Authorities must notify coastal
dwellers

Genesis Tsunami Coastal Alert

Deep sea pressure
Seismic
Events

Surface anomalies

Coastal
Alarm &
Detection

Advantages to Coastal Alert

Direct warning system in third world and emerging
industrial countries

Flares
Audible siren
Local RF broa`dcast on emergency marine VHF
channels and terrestrial radio
Can be activated in advance by RF or satellite
transmission if deep sea sensors forecast tsunami hit in
the area

Low Cost Design

No expensive off-shore installation and maintenance

Multi-use design can be used for navigation,
temperature readings, etc.

Ideal supplement to sophisticated deep sea

monitoring

Genesis Drop Sensor

Telemetry and
support line.
Pressure transducer supplied
by Paroscientific, Inc.
Quartz crystal detection of
flex of Bourdon tube.

Sensor is maintained above

waterline before release. No
fouling or damage from deep
sea mounting.
Lead weight is adjusted so
that rate of decent is
controlled so that multiple
sensors reach their operating
depth in synchronization.

Genesis Tsunami Offshore Alert

No permanent seabed pressure sensor
Pressure readings at multiple depths
Pressure transducer equipment kept out
of hostile environment until deployed
Redundancy if a sensor fails
Lower false positives
No ROV needed for maintenance or
deployment

Genesis Tsunami System

Costal detection and notification
Offshore monitoring and early warning
Integrated systems provide prediction,
notification and warning in a single
package.
Low costs for deployment and
maintenance
Superior data capture and uptime

Deep Sea P Sensor


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TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM IN

MOBILE ENVIRONMENT

1. Tsunami detection

Sensor system for the detection of the earthquake and

the tsunami wave
Data transfer from surface to the processing centers

2. Data processing and data management

Data collection and processing at the processing centers

Derivation of alert messages including maps with
evacuation routes

3. Alert message distribution

4. Rescue aid

Alert message collection and analysis from the cellular

phones
Cellular phone location, including historical data
Damage estimation using satellite data

5. Preparation

Land cover maps and elevation information using satellite

data for flood area simulations

Through the Internet

To cellular phones, including evacuation routes
SOURCE: earth.observation@vtt.fi

www.vtt.fi/space

Local Tsunami Alert System

Seismic recording
Analysis Seismic data center

Earthquake->Tsunami

wave arrives in
45 minutes!
Evacuation

10 min ?
human factor

Automatic procedures:
-Broad band sensor
-Small seismic array
-Virtual regional network

3 min

Civil Defense to local administrations, 10 min

Radio, TV stations to population, 2 min
Cellular phone to local population, 2 min

Thank you