CIRI UMUM

TREMATODA:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Bentuk seperti daun

Mempunyai oral sucker & ventral sucker
Tidak mempunyai Rongga Badan
Alat pencernaan tidak lengkap
Hermaphrodite (kecuali Schistosoma)
Ovipar
Telur berkembang di air
Telur beroperculum (kecuali Schistosoma)

TREMATODA
(oral sucker)
Ventral sucker

(ventral sucker)

TREMATODA
Trematoda hati

I.

Fasciola hepatica
Clonorchis sinensis

Trematoda usus

II.

Fasciolopsis buski
Heterophyes heterophyes
Metagonimus yokogawai

Trematoda paru

III.

Paragonimus westermani

Trematoda darah

IV.

Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma haematobium

Fasciolopsis buski

Penyakit

: fasciolopsiasis

Hospes

: manusia, babi

Distribusi geografik :RRC,Taiwan,Thailand

Vietnam, Indonesia
Habitat

: duodenum, jejunum

Fasciolopsis buski dewasa :

2-7,5 cm x 0,8 2 cm
Lonjong, tebal
Warna daging
Kutikulum berduri
o.s < v.s
Caecum tidak

bercabang
2 testis bercabang,
tandem
1 ovarium bercabang

TELUR Fasciolopsis buski

130-140 x 80 85
Lonjong
Kekuningan
Operkulum
Dinding tipis, jernih

Image: Left: Fasciolopsis buski egg in an unstained wet mount. Center:

Adult fluke of F. buski next to a scale. Right: Snail in the genus
Hippeutis, an intermediate host for F. buski. Credit: DPDx, Image
courtesy of Conchology, Inc, Mactan Island, Philippines.

Life cycle

Life cycle

immature eggs are discharged into the intestine and stool .

Eggs become embryonated in water , eggs release miracidia ,
which invade a suitable snail intermediate host .
In the snail the parasites undergo several developmental stages
(sporocysts , rediae , and cercariae ).
The cercariae are released from the snail and encyst as
metacercariae on aquatic plants .
The mammalian hosts become infected by ingesting metacercariae
on the aquatic plants. After ingestion, the metacercariae excyst in
the duodenum and attach to the intestinal wall.
There they develop into adult flukes (20 to 75 mm by 8 to 20 mm) in
approximately 3 months, attached to the intestinal wall of the
mammalian hosts (humans and pigs) .
The adults have a life span of about one year.

Gejala :
nyeri epigastrium
mual
diare
edema
ileus akut

Diagnosa :
gx klinis
(bila didaerah endemi)
menemukan telur dlm tinja

Terapi:
diklorofen
niklosamid
praziquantel

Pencegahan
Memasak atau merendam
dalam air mendidih tumbuhan
air yang akan dimakan

Heterophyes heterophyes
( Penyakit :Heterophyasis )
Distribusi geografis
- Mesir
- Palestina
- Jepang
- Cina
- Korea
- Taiwan
- Filipina
- Indonesia

Habitat
Mukosa usus
Definitif host
manusia , mamalia
Intermediate host
I. Pironella conica
Cerithidea cingulata
II. Tilapia nilotica
Mugil japonicus
Acanthogobius

Morfologi
Telur
- 29 X 16 mikron
- coklat muda
- memiliki operkulum
- kulit tebal
Dewasa
- kecil, 1.3 X 0,5 mm
- ventral sucker>oral
- genital sucker

Adults of Heterophyes heterophyes are minute flukes, measuring 1-2 mm in length. The
tests are large and paired, and are situated near a small ovary. The surface of the worm
is covered with minute spines. Adults reside in the small intestine of the definitive host.
In this figure, the following structures are labeled: oral sucker (OS), pharynx (PH),
intestine (IN), ventral sucker, or acetabulum (AC), and eggs within the uterus (UT).

Life cycle

Life cycle

Adults release embryonated eggs each with a fully-developed

miracidium, and eggs are passed in the host's feces . After
ingestion by a suitable snail (first intermediate host), the eggs hatch
and release miracidia which penetrate the snails intestine . Genera
Cerithidia and Pironella are important snail hosts in Asia and the
Middle East respectively. The miracidia undergo several
developmental stages in the snail, i.e. sporocysts , rediae , and
cercariae . Many cercariae are produced from each redia. The
cercariae are released from the snail and encyst as metacercariae
in the tissues of a suitable fresh/brackish water fish (second
intermediate host) . The definitive host becomes infected by
ingesting undercooked or salted fish containing metacercariae .
After ingestion, the metacercariae excyst, attach to the mucosa of
the small intestine and mature into adults (measuring 1.0 to 1.7
mm by 0.3 to 0.4 mm) . In addition to humans, various fish-eating
mammals (e.g., cats and dogs) and birds can be infected by
Heterophyes heterophyes .

Gejala klinis
Infeksi ringan
- tidak tampak
Infeksi berat
- diare menahun
- kolik
- rasa tidak enak dan nyeri diperut
- terdapat eosinofili

Diagnosa dan pengobatan

Diagnosa
- pemeriksaan tinja telur
Pengobatan
Prazikuantel 20 mg/Kg BB/po/dos.tunggal
Tetrakloroetilen 5 ml/po/dosis tunggal

Pencegahan

Masak ikan dengan sempurna

Buang air besar tidak disembarang tempat
Pendidikan kesehatan
Hewan sebagai sumber penularan

Metagonimus yokogawai
( Penyakit :Metagonimiasis )
Distribusi geografis
- Jepang
- Korea
- Cina
- Taiwan
- Malaysia
- Rusia
- Spanyol
- Balkan

Habitat
- mukosa jejunum
Definitif host
- Manusia, anjing,
kucing, babi
Intermediate host
I. Semisulcospira,
Thiara dan Hua
II. Salmon, Plecoglossus

Morfologi
Telur
- 28 X 17 mikron
- kuning keabuan
- memiliki operkulum
- dinding tebal
Dewasa
- kecil 1,4 X 0,6 mm
- vs > os
- testis posterior
- ovarium tengah

Metagonimus yokogawai adult flukes are minute intestinal flukes (1-2.5 mm in length)
that resemble Heterophyes heterophyes. An important distinctive feature is the position
of the ventral sucker (genitoacetabulum), which is to the side of the midline and closely
associated with the genital pore. Adults reside in the small intestine of the definitive host.
Adult M. yokogawai.
In this figure, the following structures are labeled: oral sucker (OS), pharynx (PH),
intestine (IN), genitoacetabulum (GA), ovary (OV), the large, paired testes (TE), and eggs
within the uterus (EG).

Life cycle

Life cycle

Adults release fully embryonated eggs each with a fully-developed

miracidium, and eggs are passed in the hosts feces . After
ingestion by a suitable snail (first intermediate host), the eggs hatch
and release miracidia which penetrate the snails intestine . Snails
of the genus Semisulcospira are the most frequent intermediate
host for Metagonimus yokogawai. The miracidia undergo several
developmental stages in the snail, i.e. sporocysts , rediae , and
cercariae . Many cercariae are produced from each redia. The
cercariae are released from the snail and encyst as metacercariae
in the tissues of a suitable fresh/brackish water fish (second
intermediate host) . The definitive host becomes infected by
ingesting undercooked or salted fish containing metacercariae .
After ingestion, the metacercariae excyst, attach to the mucosa of
the small intestine and mature into adults (measuring 1.0 mm to
2.5 mm by 0.4 mm to 0.75 mm) . In addition to humans, fish-eating
mammals (e.g., cats and dogs) and birds can also be infected by M.
yokogawai .

Gejala klinis
Infeksi ringan tanpa gejala
Infeksi sedang diare dan sakit perut
Infeksi berat
- demam
- nyeri perut
- kolik
- eosinofili

Diagnosa dan pengobatan

Diagnosa
- menemukan telur dalam tinja
Pengobatan
- Prazikuantel 20 mg/Kg BB/po/tunggal
- Tetrakloroetilen 5 ml/po/tunggal

Pencegahan

Masak ikan dengan sempurna

BAB tidak disembarang tempat
Pengawasan Hewan sumber penularan
Hygiene pribadi