Panchayati Raj Institution

Birolal Jamatia

Panchayati Raj Institution

Panchayati Raj is a system of governance

in which gram panchayats are the basic
units of administration.

The term panchayati raj is relatively new.

'Raj' literally means governance or
government.

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Evolution Of Panchayati Raj

Institutions

Evolution Can Be Divided In

Three stages:

1.Ancient Time

2.During The British Raj

3.After The Independence Time

Panchayati Raj
Institution

Village
Level

Block
Level

District
Level

Village Level

1.Gram Panchayat are local selfgovernments at the village level in

India. The gram panchayat is the
foundation of the Panchayat System.

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2.A Gram Panchayat can be set up in

villages with minimum population of
300. Sometimes two or more
villages are clubbed together to
form group - Gram Panchayat when
the population of the individual
villages is less than 300.
300
.

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Constitution
1.The Sarpanch or Chairperson is the
head of the Gram Panchayat. The elected
members of the Gram Panchayat elect
from among themselves a Sarpanch and
a Deputy Sarpanch for a term of five
years.
.

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2.In some places the Panchayat President

is directly elected by village people. The
Sarpanch presides over the meetings of
the Gram Panchayat and supervises its
working.

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Functions of Gram
Panchayat
1.Looking after street lights, construction
and repair work of the roads in the villages
and also the village markets, fairs, festivals
and celebrations.
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2.To levy and collect appropriate

taxes, duties, tolls and fees.
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3.Keeping a record of births, deaths
and marriages in the village.
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4.Looking after public health and

hygiene by providing facilities for
sanitation and drinking water.

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5.Implementation of scheme for
development of fisheries in villages.
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6.Social and farm forestry.
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7.Maintenance of records relating to

building sites and other private and
public properties.

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8.Construction, repair and
maintenance of public wells, ponds
and hand - pumps for drinking water,
washing clothes and bathing.
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9.Taking measures for

prevention and control of water
pollution.
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10.Construction and
maintenance of rural roads &
water ways.

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Block Level

Panchayat samiti is a local

government body at the tehsil or
Taluka level in India. It works for the
villages of the Tehsil or Taluka that
together are called a Development
Block.

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It is composed of ex-officio members,

coopted members , associate
members and some elected
members. The samiti is elected for 5
years and is headed by the chairman
and the deputy chairman.

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Functions of Panchayat
Samiti

1.Establishment of primary health
centres and primary schools.
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2.Supply of drinking water,
drainage, construction/repair of
roads.
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3.Development of cottage and smallscale industries and opening of

cooperative societies.
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4.Establishment of youth
organizations.
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5.Integrated management of waste
lands.
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6.Development and promotion of

agriculture and horticulture.
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7.Prevention and control of epidemics
and contagious diseases.
.
8.Integrated development of fisheries
in villages & promoting marketing
facilities.

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9.Arranging at Panchayat Samiti

level agricultural and industrial
exhibitions along with awareness
camps, seminars and training
programmes for benefit of rural
areas.

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10.Ensuring maintenance of records
concerning houses, sites and other
private and public properties.
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District Level

In the district level of the Panchayati raj

system we have the Zilla Parishad". It
looks after the administration of the rural
area of the district and its office is located
at the district headquarters. The Hindi
word Parishad means Council and Zilla
Parishad translates to District Council.

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Constitution
Members of the Zilla Parishad are elected
from the district on the basis of adult
franchise for a term of five years. Zilla
Parishad has minimum of 50 and
maximum of 75 members. There are seats
reserved for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled
Tribes, backward classes and women.

. 50
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The Chairmen of all the Panchayat

Samitis form the members of Zilla
Parishad. It is headed by the Zilla
Pramukh or the Chairperson.

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Functions of Zilla Parishad

1.Services and facilities to the rural

population.

2.Supply improved seeds to farmers and

inform them of new techniques or
training.

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3.Set up and run schools in villages.

4.Start Primary Health Centers and

hospitals in villages.
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5.Execute plans for the development
of the scheduled castes and tribes.

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6.Encourage entrepreneurs to start

small-scale industries.
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7.Coordinating, evaluating,
persuading and guiding the activities
of Panchayat Samitis and Gram
Panchayats.
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8.Ensuring execution of plans,

projects and other works for benefit
of two or more than two Panchayat
Samitis.
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9.Making an integrated plan for
development of waste land and
implementing the same.

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10.Encouraging organizations for

Khadi, handloom and handicraft
industries.
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11.Help in making available light at
public streets and other places.

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Women Empowerment In PRI

Women
Empowerment

1.Empowerment of women to strengthen the
condition of women in the society.
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2.Its function is laid in June 1992 when the
73rd and 74th amendment held in India.
1992
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3.Then in Nov. 2009, Government had also
given 50% reservation to women in
Panchayats.
2009 , %
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Advantages of Women Empowerment 1.The number of women is increasing in

Gram Sabha.
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2.They are working for the supply of
drinking water in villages and child
education.

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Disadvantages of Women Empowerment 1.Unable to understand all the rules and

regulations and implementation of policy
in village.

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2.Dual Responsibility.
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E-Governance -

A process which intensify the

speed of transfer the information
from the central level to the
village level.

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