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Members of 11th Group :

1. Eka Nova Cahyani


2. Puspa Indah Kurniasari
3. Siti Imroatul Hakimah

061110009
061110027
061110033

FKIP IV A
Lamongan Islamic University
Academic Year 2012/2013

INSTRUCTIONA
L MEDIA FOR
TEFL

INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA
FOR TEFL
Instructional media are tools or
means to carry messages for teaching
and learning purposes. TEFL can
utilize various media, from the simple
one, such as, chalkboard, to the
sophisticated one, such as computer.

INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA FOR TEFL


Blackboards
,
chalkboard,
whiteboard,
board
Flannel
board,
display
board
Realia, real
objects,
models

Pictures,
Photos

Chart

Flash-Cards

Big Book

Stick
Figures

Printed
Material

INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA FOR TEFL


Module,
Programme
d
Instruction

Overhead
Projector

Internet, Email

Games
and Songs

Computer

Language
Laboratory

Power Point

Languagerich
Environmen
t

Simulation,
Role-Play,
Drama

Blackboard, Chalkboard,
Whiteboard and Board
The most traditional media for teaching is
blackboard. It is available in almost all
classrooms in Indonesia. Later, when there
were other variations of the board color, such
as green or brown, it is called chalkboard.
Then, it changed again into white-board,
which used board-marker instead of chalk.
Here we call it just board. Board can be used
for many purposes: lecturing, explanation,
presentation,
drawing,
writing
summary/outline, etc.

Flannel board, display board


Flannel board is a board made of
flannel/cloth. This board can be used for
displaying
students'
works,
writings,
announcements, or pictures. It can also be
used by teachers to display media for
teaching.
Display board is like a chalkboard, but
smaller in size. It functions like a flannel
board, but it is not made of flannel. It can be
made of wood or carton. Teachers can use
cello-tape to stick the materials for display.

Realia, Real-object, Models


Teachers can show real objects or
imitated
objects
for
introducing
objects. Real objects which can be
brought to the class are stationery,
kitchen utensils, fruits, vegetables,
etc. Real objects are very useful
because the students can see, touch,
taste, smell, or manipulate them.

Pictures, photos
Pictures/photos can be used for
teaching descriptive text (e.g. picture of
objects, sceneries), procedure text (e.g.
picture of ingredients), recount text (e.g.
picture of events), argumentative text (e.g.
picture of situations). Serial pictures can be
used for teaching narrative text or
anecdotes. Teachers can use big pictures
stuck on the board, or copies of small
pictures distributed to the students.

Flash-cards
Flash-cards (PCs) are carton cards
with the size of 20x25 cm, with pictures on
them. PCs are usually used for drilling. The
techniques for using them are: (a) write in
the back of each card the name of object in
the picture, (b) hold the cards in front of
you,(c) flash/move the cards from the back
to the front, not the other way around, so
that you can see/read the label of the card
before you move it.

Stick Figures
Stick figures are a technique for
drawing objects (e.g. face, person,
animal, plant) in the forms of
sticks/lines and circles. This technique
is simple and can be learned easily. A
teacher can draw stick figures on the
board or flash-cards. The drawing of
two persons
with bubbles, for
instance, can be used for modeling a
dialog.

Chart
A chart is a carton with the size of
around 60 x 100 cm. It can be divided into
6, 8, or 12 columns. Each column contains
a picture (drawn, clipped from magazine,
or made in stick figure). A chart is usually
stuck on board and used for drilling.
Teachers are advised to buy these charts
and put them up in their classrooms,
especially in young learners' classes.

Big book
A big book is a book which is big in size,
e.g. 30 x 40 cm. A teacher can make a big
book by using the back pages of a used
calendar. Each page contains a picture and
wording about the picture. A big book contains
serial pictures of a story or events, and is
suitable for teaching narrative, such as, Malin
Kundang, A Mouse Deer and Crocodiles, or
Cinderella. Stand the big book on a table or a
chair in front of the class. The teacher can tell
a story and show the pictures page by page.

Printed materials
Printed materials can be
in the forms of books, booklets,
pamphlets, leaflets, brochures,
magazines,
newspapers,
clippings, or sheets containing
texts. They are used for teaching
reading or speaking.

Module, programmed
instruction
A module or programmed
instruction
is
a
self-contained
instructional material to be used for
independent study. It consists of an
activity sheet, a work sheet, a key to
the work sheet, and a post-test sheet.

Games and Songs


There are a great number of
games and songs which can be used
as media for TEFL; even a teacher
can create them. There are 3
purposes of using games or songs for
teaching and learning activities,
namely: (a) as the main topic, (b) as
reinforcement, or (c) as an extra
activity.

Simulation, role-play, drama


Simulation,
role-play,
and
drama, as instructional media, can
mean the same thing, i.e., putting a
text
into
action.
Interpersonal/
transactional dialogs, narrative texts,
or anecdotes are best simulated,
role-played, or dramatized.

Overhead projector
Overhead projector (OHP) is
an instructional media which can
project pictures or writings in
transparencies to a screen or wall of
the class. It functions like a board,
but has some advantages compared
with board.

Computer
Nowadays, students are getting more
and more familiar with computer. A
teacher may buy or create a language
learning program operated in a computer.
A special program for language learning is
called CALL (Computer Assisted Language
Learning). Computer can be an effective
aid for teaching language skills and
language components, and for remedial
and enrichment purposes

Power point
Power point is one property of
computer. However, it is discussed
separately here because it has special
purposes. Power point is effective for
lecturing. Some principles of using
power point are: (a) include only outlines
in the display, (b) the background
illustration, picture, or sound should not
distract the attention of the audience.

Internet, e-mail
Internet and e-mail are also
properties of computer. As an aid in
teaching and learning activities,
internet can be used by teacher or
students to search for learning
resources or references. In some
educational institutions, process of
consultation,
giving/collecting
assignments, sending references, are
done through internet.

Language laboratory
An
old-type
language
laboratory was a room containing a
set of tape-recorders completed with
cassette-tapes. Nowadays, the taperecorders are replaced by computers.
Therefore, the use of language
laboratory in teaching and learning
process is the same as the use of
computers.

Language-rich environment
Language-rich environment is a
school environment which is enriched
with the target language exposure. The
enrichment can be in the forms of:
pictures, labels, mottos, charts, posters,
proverbs/wise-words,
special
ex
pressions, clippings, displays, formulae,
advertisements,
announcements,
magazines, newspapers, or book corners.

THANK
YOU

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