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Torsional Deformation of
a circular shaft
Length BD
when
BD x
x dx
d
dx
max c
d
dx
max
dx
c
max
max
Mean:
highest shear stress: will be at farthest
away from center
At the center point, there will be no
angular strain and therefore no shear
stress is developed.
dA
( c )
max
c
max
dA
dA
A
dA
A
dA
A
max
max
Tc
J
max
Tc
T
J
4
Solid shaft
Tubular shaft
c4
d 4
32
(co ci )
(d o 4 d i 4 )
32
Solve it!
The solid circular shaft is subjected to an
internal torque of T= 5kNm. Determine
the shear stress developed at point A
and B. Represent each state of stress on
a volume of element.
Solve it!
The solid circular shaft is subjected to an
internal torque of T= 5kNm. Determine
the shear stress developed at point A
and B. Represent each state of stress on
a volume of element.
T
(5000)(10) 3 ( 40)
49.7 MPa
r 4 / 2
( 40) 4 / 2
T
(5000)(10) 3 (30)
37.3MPa
4
4
r / 2
( 40) / 2
Example 1
The shaft shown in figure is supported
by two bearings and is subjected to
three torques. Determine the shear
stress developed at points A and B,
located at section a-a of the shaft.
Point A
R = 0.075 m
J = Jtotal
T = internal torque
c4
Point B
R = 0.015 m
J = Jtotal
T = internal torque
(75) 4 49.7(10) 6 mm 4
T
J
T
1250(10 3 ) Nmm(75) mm
1.886 MPa
6
4
J
49.7(10) mm
T
1250(10 3 ) Nmm(15) mm
0.377 MPa
6
4
J
49.7(10) mm
Solve it!
Determine the maximum shear stress developed in the shaft at
section a-a.
10
T
J
Maximum Torsional Shear
T:2100 Nm = 2100(10)3 Nmm
: 40 mm
J: tubular
Polar Moment of Area
(R r )
4
( 40 4 30 4 ) 2.75(10) 6 mm 4
max
Tr
2100(10) 3 ( 40)
30.55MPa
6
J
2.75(10)
11
Solve it!
The solid shaft has a diameter of 40 mm. Determine the absolute
maximum shear stress in the shaft.
12
Tr
Tr
4
J
( )r
2
70(10) 3 ( 20)
max
) 20 4
5.57 MPa
13
Power Transmission
Power
P T
P: power (1 Watt = 1 Nm/s)
T: torque (Nm)
: radian/s
Input n(rpm)
( rad / sec) n(
rev
rad 1 min
) 2 (
)
(
)
min
rev 60 sec
( rad / sec) 2f
14
Solve it !
The gear motor can develop 1.6kW when it turns at 450
rev/min. If the shaft has a diameter of 25mm, determine
the maximum shear stress developed in the shaft.
Calculate the T
47.12rad / s
Maximum shear
stress
rev
rad 1 min
)2 (
)
(
)
min
rev 60 sec
P
1600
33.96 Nm
w 47.12
Tc
Tc
J
c 4 / 2
33.96(10) 3 (12.5)
(12.5) 4 / 2
11.07 MPa
max
Solve it !
The gear motor can develop 2.4kW when it turns at 150
rev/min. If the allowable shear stress for the shaft is allow
= 84 Mpa, determine the smallest of the shaft to nearest
multiples of 5mm that can be used.
Solve it !
Calculate the T
Maximum shear
stress
rev
rad 1 min
) 2 (
)
(
)
min
rev 60 sec
P
2400
152.87 Nm
w
15.7
Tc
Tc
J
c 4 / 2
152.87(10) 3 (c )
(c ) 4 / 2
max
97,320 / c 3
Calculate d
max all
97,320 / c 3 84
c 10.5
d 21
d 25mm
Angle Twist
TL
JG
Lecture 1
TL
JG
19
Sign Convention
Lecture 1
20
Solve it!
The splined ends and gears attached to the A-36 steel
shaft are subjected to the torques shown. Determine the
angle of twist of end B with respect to end A. The shaft
has a diameter of 40 mm.
TL
JG
T L
T L
T L
AC AC CD CD DB DB
JG
JG
JG
300Nm
300Nm
500Nm
200Nm
AC
Tac= 300Nm
400Nm
TAC LAC
( 300)(10) 3 (300)
JG
JG
500Nm
Tcd=200Nm
300Nm
400Nm
Tdb =400Nm
DB
CD
TCD LCD
( 200)(10) 3 ( 400)
JG
JG
TDB LDB
( 400)(10) 3 (500)
JG
JG
(190,000)(10) 3
(190,000)(10) 3
T
JG
( / 2)( 20) 4 (75)(10) 3
0.01008rad 0.578o
Solve it !
The two shafts are made of A-36 steel. Each has a
diameter of 25mm, and they are supported by bearings at
A, B and C, which allow free rotation. If the support at D is
fixed, determine of the angle of twist of end B and A when
the toques are applied to the assembly as shown.
Direction of FF
TF TG
FF (100) 60(10) 3
FF 600 N
FF
TE TF
Direction of FE
TD FE 150 600(150)
90,000 Nmm 90 Nm
FE
Direction of FF
TD 120 90 0
TD 30 Nm
3ONm
3ONm
9ONm
12ONm
TL
JG
3ONm
DC
CE
9ONm
FE
9ONm
TDC LDC
(30)(10) 3 ( 250)
JG
JG
TCE LCE
( 90)(10) 3 (750)
JG
JG
TCE LCE
60,000(10) 3
60,000(10) 3
0.02086(10) 3 rad
4
3
JG
JG
/ 2(12.5) 75(10)
L12 E RE
L13 F RF
F
E RE
RF
0.02086(150)
100
0.03129rad
B 3.129(10) 3 rad
Angle of twist at end A
A F A / F
A 3.129(10) 3
3.129(10) 3
TL
JG
60(10) 3 ( 250)
/ 2(12.5) 4 (75)(10) 3
0.03129 5.215(10) 3
0.0365rad 2.09 o