Pressure Drawdown

Muhammad Taufiq Fathaddin

Pressure Drawdown Test

Pressure drawdown tests are performed after the

well has been shut in for a period sufficient to
establish static pressure conditions. The well is
opened and produced at a steady flow while the
pressure (and optionally the rate) change is
observed at the sandface.

Tujuan Uji PDD

Mengukur

permeabilitas, k, rata-rata
batuan reservoir di dalam daerah
pengurasan sumur. Dari data
transmisibilitas T = kh/, pay zone, h,
dan viskositas .
Menentukan volume pori, Vp. Dari data
VpCt dan kompressibilitas total Ct.
Mendeteksi

ketidakhomogenan
reservoir dalam daerah pengurasan.

Uji PDD
Uji

PDD dilakukan dengan cara

menutup sumur hingga tercapai
kestabilan tekanan Pi (initial pressure)
di seluruh daerah pengurasannya.
Menurunkan perekam tekanan ke
kedalaman sedikit di atas perforasi.
Membuka sumur untuk mewmproduksi
fluida pada laju yang tetap.
Perekam mencatat tekanan awal Pi,
dan tekanan alir dasar sumur, Pwf.

Skema kondisi
infinite acting
dan semi steady
state

Pengukuran PDD
t,hr

pwf,psi

t,hr

pwf,psi

0.01 3942.79

10 3890.11

0.016 3939.21

16 3886.53

0.025

25 3883.12

3935.8

0.04 3932.22

40

3879.5

0.065 3928.51

65 3873.43

0.1 3925.23

80 3869.78

0.16 3921.65

100 3864.93

0.25 3918.24

160 3850.35

0.8 3909.38

250 3828.49

1 3907.47

400 3792.06

1.6 3904.09

650 3731.33

2.5 3900.68

800

6.5 3893.39

3694.9

1000 3646.32

Bo = 1.35 RB/STB
o = 0.8 cp
h = 20 ft
Q=100 b/d
Pi=4000 psi

Analisa Periode Transien

Infinite acting/early transient/unsteady
state

Dari kurva semilog (untuk

early time)
m= (P2 - P1)/(log t2 log t1)
m= (74.77-92.33)/(log 0.1
log 1)
m= 17.56 psi/cycle

Hitung permeabilitas k?
k = 162.6 q Bo / mh

3.23 Pskin
2
C t rw

P m log t log

Dimana:
m = 162.6 q Bo / kh

(1)

(2)

Analisa Periode Semi Steady

State
Dimana:

C t C o So C w S w C r
Vp

0.0417qB o
m pss C t

5.615Vp

re2 h

mpss= (P2 - P1)/(t2 t1)

Semi steady state/ pseudo steady state/ quasi

steady state

P Pi Pwf

0.0417qB o
0.472 re
t 2m log
Vp C t
rw

Pskin

(2)

Efek Skin

DPskin > 0 (Damage)

DPskin < 0 (Stimulation)
DPskin = 0 No Damage or Stimulation

Efek skin didefinisikan sebagai:

Pi Pwf

kt
s 1.151
log
3.23
2
m
C t rw

Untuk Pwf = P1jam

Pi P1jam

k
s 1.151
log
3.23
2
m
C t rw

Pskin

141.2 q B o
s 0.87 m s
kh

(4)

(3)

Pengaruh Skin Terhadap Tampang

Tekanan

Analisa Kurva PDD

Waktu untuk Aliran Radial

Pada

Periode Penginjeksian (jam)

Pada

Periode Falloff (jam)

Koefisien Wellbore Storage, C

Pada

Periode Penginjeksian (jam)

Pada

Didasarkan pada sumur

yang terisi penuh oleh
fluida. Tekanan
permukaan
dipertahankan selama
pengujian.

Periode Falloff (jam)

Permukaan fluida turun

sehingga sumur
dibagian atas menjadi
vakum

Waktu untuk Pseudo Steady State

Waktu

untuk mencapai batas dapat

dihitung dari persamaan jari-jari
pengamatan:

r = jarak dari sumur ke batas pengurasan

t = waktu untuk mencapai batas
pengurasan

Contoh Soal
The pressure data were obtained from
a 50-hour drawdown test in a well in a
Denver Basin reservoir. Data pertinent
to the test are as follows:
Q = 800 STB/D,
= 1.0 cp,
= 0.1,
h = 8 ft,
rw = 0.33 ft,
Pi = 1895 psig,
Ct = 17.7 x 10-6 psi-1,
Bo = 1.25,
Sw = 0.35

Dt (minutes) Pressure (psi)

10.1274
1849.44
40.3617
1730.75
80.5544
1661.79
101.074
1645.22
122.746
1622.32
142.784
1609.14
159.055
1596.06
349.561
1488.43
586.276
1394.27
767.084
1326.33
901.065
1274.68
1069.78
1216.6
1429.2
1119.78
1789.44
1026.33
2122.42
933.004
2490.03
836.503
2798
746.515
3242.66
598.783

Penyelesaian (Transient
Analysis)

Penyelesaian (Transient
Analysis)

Penyelesaian (Late Transient

Analysis)

Penyelesaian (Late Transient

Analysis)
Vp

Vp

0.0417qBo
m pss C t

0.0417(800)(1.25)
15.8(17.7x10^ (-6))

Vp = 0.149 x 106 Rbbl

Soal PR

Tentukan

k, S, DP, FE, Vp

Application of Saphir for simulating

PDD

Application of Saphir for simulating

PDD

Application of Saphir for simulating

PDD

Application of Saphir for simulating

PDD

Application of Saphir for simulating

PDD

Application of Saphir for simulating

PDD

Application of Saphir for simulating

PDD

Application of Saphir for simulating

PDD

Application of Saphir for simulating

PDD

Application of Saphir for simulating

PDD

Application of Saphir for simulating

PDD

Application of Saphir for simulating

PDD

Application of Saphir for simulating

PDD

Application of Saphir for simulating

PDD

Application of Saphir for simulating

PDD

Application of Saphir for simulating

PDD

Application of Saphir for simulating

PDD

Detection of a Linear
Boundary

A linear boundary is a physical boundary such as a

sealing fault, the oil-water contact, permeability
pinchout, or an abrupt change in the diffusivity, ,
defined by:

Suppose that the tested well is located near a linear

boundary, as shown in the following figure.
Intuitively, one would expect the pressure drop as
observed in the tested well to be greater than the
pressure drop that would occur if the boundary did not
exist.

Detection of a Linear Boundary

To account for the additional pressure drop due
to the presence of the linear boundary, an
image well is placed on the other side of the
boundary at a distance equal to the distance
between the original well and the boundary,
and the boundary itself is removed.

Drainage Boundary

Drainage Boundary

Detection of a Linear Boundary

Using PDD Test

The pressure drop at the original well without a

linear boundary would be calculated using

If a linear boundary (the image well) exists, the

pressure drop at the original well would be the
sum of the pressure drop as calculated by
Equation 1 and the pressure drop due to the
image well . The pressure drop at the tested
well is given by:

Detection of a Linear Boundary

The exponential integral is represented by the
logarithmic approximation

Substituting Eq. (3) to Eq. (2) yields

or

where

Detection of a Linear Boundary

or

According to Eq. (2) and (4), the slope of the

straight line on the semilog plot doubles as t
becomes large. Thus in the presence of a linear
boundary, a plot of P versus t on semilog
produces the straight line of slope m, and as t
becomes large, the slope gradually increases to
2m.

Detection of a Linear Boundary

The skin factor, s, can be determined by the
following Equation by finding Pwf1hr on the
straight line of slope m.

The distance to the linear boundary may be

estimated by using Equation (6) where t x is the
time at which the straight lines of slope m and
2m intersect.

Boundaries...
Intersecting faults (90 degree)
Need three image wells

90 degree
intersecting fault
geologic model

90 degree
intersecting fault
mathematical

Boundaries...
Intersecting faults (45
degree)
Need seven image wells

45 degree
intersecting fault

45 degree
intersecting fault

Problem # 1 (Detection a single fault

using PDD Test)
= 0.12

= 0.8

Ct = 15.55x10-6 psi-1

In our example, tx = 0.45. Thus, the distance, L, is

given by

Solution

0.4
5

Slope doubling caused by a

succession of two radial flow
regimes (sealing fault).

Selesai