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Chapter 1
Atomic Structure
Bohr Model
Atomic Structure
Valence Shell
Elements
Basic categories
Conductors
Free
electrons
Insulators
Always free
electrons
Semiconductors
Silicon, germanium (single
element)
Gallium arsenide, indium
phosphide (compounds)
They can act as conductors or
insulators
Conduction band is
where the electron
leaves the valence shell
and becomes free
Valence band is where
the outmost shell is
Semiconductors
Silicon
Doping
N-type doping
P-type doping
[Sb(Antimony) + Si]
Negative charges (electrons) are generated
N-type has lots of free electrons
[B(Boron) + Si]
Positive charges (holes) are generated
P-type has lots of holes
Diodes
Diodes
Diodes
Formation of depletion
Forward bias
Connected to the
negative side of
the battery
Reverse bias
Connected to the
positive side of
the battery
A
Anode
p region
K
Cathode
n region
Moving
electrons
VBias
Conventional
Current Flow
K
Cathode
n region
Anode
p region
p
Very Small
Moving
Electrons:
Reverse Current)
Instant pull of
electrons
VBias
Holes are left
behind; large
depletion region
Conventional
Current Flow
K
Cathode
n region
Anode
p region
p
fa