Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Teaching staffs
Dr. Mah Shee Keat (mahsk@utar.edu.my)
Assistant Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering
SA Level 4
Mr. Chong Kok Chung
(chongkc@utar.edu.my)
Lecturer
Department of Chemical Engineering
Laboratory demonstrators
Ms. Tan Lee Fan (tanlf@utar.edu.my)
Ms. Tan Yin Qing (tanyq@utar.edu.my)
Laboratory attendance is
compulsory
Please register your laboratory
sessions with lab officer.
Communication channel
You will be made aware of the date
of all TESTS, assignments, etc at the
start of the unit usually through the
WBLE system
Late submission of
assignment and etc
Your unit coordinator/lecturer may give you an
extension to submit your assignment/report
etc. Submission of your work after the due
date will attract a penalty of 10% per day for a
maximum of 5 days after which the work will
no longer be considered and you will attract a
zero mark for that submission.
Topics
Topic 1: Heat transfer by conduction
Topic 2: Heat transfer by convection
Topic 3: Heat transfer by radiation
Topic 4: Specific heat flow problems in
selected materials system
Topic 5: Mass transfer
Synopsis:
This unit covers heat transfer by
conduction, convection and radiation and
their application in the design of heat
transfer equipment.
Mass transfer as a transport process in the
determination of diffusion coefficients. The
relationship between heat and mass
transfer is also highlighted.
Main reference:
Incropera & Dewitt, 2013. Principles of
heat and mass transfer (7th ed.). John
Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte Ltd.
Incropera & Dewitt, 2013. Fundamentals
of heat and mass transfer. (7th ed.).
Massachusetts: John Wiley & Sons.
The content of these two books is the same.
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Assessment Summary
Assignment (15%)
Test (10%)
Laboratory (5%)
Final Examination (70%)
Total assessment:
100%
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Evolution of Process
Engineering Disciplines
Other
disciplines?
Material process
engineering
Food process
engineering
Biochemical
engineering
Biological
science
Fluid motion
Flow patterns
Solid mechanics
Material
science
Food
science
Chemical
engineering
Chemical
kinetics
Transfer processes
(Heat & Mass Transfer)
Mechanical
engineering
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Introduction
What is Heat
Transfer?
Heat
transfer
is
the
transition
of
thermal
energy or simply heat from
a hotter object to a cooler
object ..
so
that
the
body
and
the
surroundings reach thermal equilibrium.
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Thermal control
Maintaining the optimum
temperature in processes
Development of faster computer
processors limited by the inability to
dissipate heat
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Source: www.tetrapak.com
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U or u
Temperature
Heat Transfer
J or J/kg
Heat
Heat Rate
Heat Flux
W/m 2
+
U Thermal energy of system
u Thermal energy per unit mass of system
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Announcement
Tutorial group 5 and 6. Timetable issue that
affected normal intake students.
Students are required to follow odd and even
week tutorial group.
2
5
Announcement
Low number of student in
Tutorial group 1 and 2. Tutorial
group 1 and 2 will be cancelled.
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2
7
Announcement
Low number of student also
observed in Tutorial group 3
and 4. The numbers of student
are 16 and 14 respectively.
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Conduction:
Transfer of energy from molecule
molecule due to vibration of molecules.
to
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What is a fluid?
A substance which undergoes
continuous deformation when
subjected to a shear stress /
shearing force.
Deformation? = Change in the relative positions of
parts of a body
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Convection:
Transfer of energy due to bulk movement
of fluid.
Convection is the transfer of heat by
movement of the heated fluid.
The faster the fluid motion, the greater
the convection heat transfer.
Convection
because .
does
not
occur
in
solid
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2 types of
Convection:
Natural convection:
due to bulk motion
of fluid from high to
lower
temperature
region.
Forced
convection:
fluid bulk motion due
to mechanical means
such as a fan, pump
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Radiation:
Energy is radiated from all
materials in the form of waves;
when this radiation is absorbed
by matter it appears as heat.
No medium is necessary for
radiation to occur; radiation
works even in and through a
perfect vacuum.
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Conduction
1D heat transfer across planar slab
Fouriers Law
qx
T
A
x
A
q|x
q|x+x
lim x 0
qx
dT
qx "
k
A
dx
x
T
T1
T
T2
x
x1
x2 x
Thermal conductivity
(W/mK)
Negative as T decrease
with increase of x
Implies
directional
quantity: heat
flux normal to
plane of
constant
temperature
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qx
dT
qx "
k
A
dx
If the temperature distribution is linear,
qx
T2 T1
qx "
k
A
L
T1 T2
qx " k
L
T
qx " k
L
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Conduction
Although k is a
function of
temperature, it is
normally assumed
to be constant in
narrow temperature
range.
Convection
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Ts
q" h Ts T or q" h T Ts
if TS > T
if TS < T
Dependent on boundary
layer properties
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Convection
Typical values of
convection heat transfer coefficient
Free convection (air)
5 60 W/m2K
25 300 W/m2K
Boiling water
Condensing steam
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Radiation
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Tsur
q
Ts
Stefan-Boltzmann Law
q AT
4
s
Stefan-Boltzmann constant
(5.67 x 10-8 W/m2K4)
Assumes body absorbs
all radiation and reflects
none i.e. a blackbody
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q A Ts4 Tsur
qemit " Ts
qemit " Ts
= emissivity
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qemit, s
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Conservation of Energy
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dEst .
E in E out E g
E st
dt
.
reduced to
.
E in E out 0
qconv
qrad
0
qcond
k
T1 T2
4
h T2 T 2 T24 Tsur
0
L
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Summary
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Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Newtons Law
q" h Ts T
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Reference