Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Top 10
Diseases
in the
Philippines
Disease
A condition of abnormal vital function
involving any structure, part or system of an
organism.
Illness
Its is a loss of health. The symptoms can be
identified like aches and pain.
Ill health
A term used to refer the experience of disease
plus illness. If there is a report on symptoms and
further investigation such as laboratory test to
prove a disease process, the term ill health is
used.
Hypertension
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Cancer
Accident
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Symptoms, Signs, Ill-defines
Condition
8. Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease
9. Diabetes
10.Maternal and Perinatal Conditions
Hypertension
DISEASE
ORGAN/SYSTEM
AFFECTED
Hypertensi Heart
on
DRUG
THERAPY
Calcium
Channel
Blockers
Diuretics
Vasodilators
ACE
Inhibitors
EXAMPLE
Verapamil
Indapamide
Hydralazine
Captopril
CAUSE
SIGN &
SYMPTOMS
Smoking
Obesity
Coarctation of
aorta
Stress
Genetics
Chronic
kidney
disease
Lightheadedness
Increase BP
Decrease urine
output
Fluttering
heart
Chest pain
Shortness of
breath
Palpitation
PREVENTIVE MEASURE
Peripheral Vascular
Disease
Organ/syste
m Affected
Veins, arteries
Causes
Peripheral
artery disease
(due to
atherosclerosis
)
Blood clot:
thrombus/emb
oli
Diabetes: high
blood sugar,
high BP
Inflammation
of the arteries:
arteritis,
vasculitis
Infection:
salmonellosis,
syphilis
Structural
defects:
acquired at
birth; Takayasu
disease
Signs and
Symptoms
Intermittent
claudication
Rest pain
Buttock pain
Numbness,
tingling, or
weakness in
the legs
Burning or
aching pain in
the feet or toes
while resting
A sore on a leg
or a foot that
will not heal
One or both
legs or feet feel
cold or change
color (pale,
bluish, dark
reddish)
Loss of hair on
the legs
Drug
Therapy
(cilostazol and
pentoxifylline) to help
improve
walking
distance and
relieve
symptoms of
claudication
Antiplatelets,
thrombolytics,
anticoagulants
aspirin,
clopidogrel,
warfarin
cholesterollowering
agents (statins)
atorvastatin,
simvastatin
ACE inhibitor
Antidiabetics
Preventive
Measure
avoiding
smoking
controlling
blood sugar
exercisegoal of
30 minutes a
day, three
times a week
lower
cholesterol and
blood pressure
eating a
healthy diet
Weight
managament
Cancer
Organ/syste
m Affected
*Depends on
the type of
cancer
Cells, skin,
breast,
digestive,
endocrine,
reproductive,
respiratory,
immune
systems, etc.
Causes
Chemical or
toxic
compound
exposures
Ionizing
radiaition
Pathogens
Genetics
Tobacco,
diet, physical
activity
Lifestyle
Sun and UV
exposure
Signs and
Symptoms
Change in
bowel or
bladder
habits
sore
throatthat
does not
heal
Unusual
bleeding or
discharge
Thickening
or lump in
the body
Indigestion
Nagging
cough
orhoarsenes
s
Unexplained
loss of
weight
orloss of
appetite
Drug
Therapy
Chemotherap
eutic drugs
drugs
depend on
the targeted
cancer
E.g.
vinblastine,
fluorouracil,
interferon
Preventive
Measure
Stop
smoking
Avoid
excessive
sun
exporsure
Eat a healthy
diet
Exercise
Maintain a
healthy
weight
Drink alcohol
in
moderation
Schedule
cancer
screening
exams
immunizatio
ns
Accident
Organ/syste
m Affected
Accidents can
cause any
number
ofdifferent
injuries, to
virtually any
part of your
body,
depending on
the
circumstances
of the crash
and the
severity of the
impact. The
most common
are: Brain
and head,
neck, spinal
cord, back,
face, internal
and
psychologica
l injuries.
Causes
Taking
shortcuts
Being
overconfident,
Ignoring safety
procedures
Starting job
with
incomplete
instructions
Poor
housekeeping
Mental
distractions
from work
Failure to preplan work.
Signs and
Symptoms
raised, swollen
area from a bump
or a bruise
Headache
Confusion
Nausea
fatigue/lethargy
loss of
consciousness
repeated nausea
and vomiting
slurred speech
Sweating
seizures or
convulsions
open wound in
the head
pain
Drug
Therapy
Anticonvulsants- :
Gabapentin
(Neurontin),
Diazepam
(Valium)Anxiol
ytics and
antidepressant
s
NSAIDsIbuprofen
(Advil)
Preventive
Measure
Primary
prevention:
removal of
circumstances
causing injury eg, traffic speed
reduction, fitting
stair gates for
young children.
Secondary
prevention:
reduces severity
of injury should
an accident occur
- eg, use child
safety car seats,
bicycle helmets.
Tertiary
prevention:
optimal treatment
and rehabilitation
following injuries eg, effective first
aid, appropriate
hospital care.
Pneumonia/ Bronchospasm/
Community-acquired
Pneumonia
(CAP)
Organ/syste
Causes
Signs and
Drug Therapy
m Affected
Lungs
Alveoli/ air
sacs
Symptoms
Bacteria,
viruses and
fungi.
Haemophilu
s
influenzae,
Mycoplasma
pneumoniae
Episodes of
coughing with
greenish or yellow
mucus.
Patients also
experience fever,
SOB, loss of
appetite and
excessive fatigue.
Pneumonia/ CAP
Stop smoking. You're more likely to get
pneumonia if you smoke.
Avoid people who have infections that
sometimes lead to pneumonia.
Stay away from people who havecolds,
theflu, or other respiratory tract
infections.
Wash your handsoften. This helps
prevent the spread of viruses and bacteria
that may cause pneumonia.
Anti-convulsants- :
Gabapentin
(Neurontin), Diazepam
(Valium)Anxiolytics and
antidepressants
NSAIDs- Ibuprofen
(Advil)
Bronchospasm
Avoid Allergy Triggers and
Irritants
Manage Physical Exercise
Reduce Anxiety and Emotional
Stress
Promptly Treat Infections
Commit to Your Designated
Treatment
Pneumonia/
CAP
Drug
therapy
Example of drug:
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Fluoroquinolones
Levofloxacin (Levaquin)
Cephalosporin
Cefuroxime (Ceftin)
Penicillins
Amoxicillin (Himox)
Bronchospasm
Vancomycin
Drug therapy
Beta-arenergic agonists
(B2)
Vancomycin (Vancocin)
Example of drug:
Salbutamol (Asmalin, Hivent,
Ventolin)
Tuberculosis
DISEASE
ORGAN/SYSTEM
AFFECTED
Tuberculos Lungs
is
(pulmonary
TB), but can
affect CNS,
GI system,
bones, joints
and even
skin
DRUG
THERAPY
Anti-TB
agents
EXAMPLE
CAUSE
By
mycobacteria
mainly
Mycobacteriu
m
tuberculosis
SIGN &
SYMPTOMS
Pain, coughing
up blood &
productive,
prolonged
cough for >3
weeks
sometimes
with fever and
chill
PREVENTIVE MEASURE
Isoniazid,
BCG vaccination
Rifampin,
Pyrazinamide
, Ethambutol,
Streptomycin
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
(NEC)
Most common intestinal emergency in the preterm infant,
occuring in 1%-5% of patients admitted in NICU and in 13/1000 live births
DISEASE
ORGAN/SYSTEM
CAUSE
SIGN &
AFFECTED
Tuberculos intestine
is
DRUG
THERAPY
No definitive
treatment and
directed at
supportive
care with
cessation of
feeding,
nasogastric
decompression
EXAMPLE
N/A
SYMPTOMS
Prematurity
commonly in
the 1st two
weeks of life
Abdominal
distention,
feeding
intolerance,
vomiting,
diarrhea,
apnea &
temperature
instability
PREVENTIVE MEASURE
Newborns exclusively
breastfed have a reduced risk
of NEC. Probiotic preparations
have decreased the incidence
of NEC.
ORGAN/SYSTEM
AFFECTED
Chronic
Lower
Respiratory
Disease
Diabetes
CAUSE
SIGN &
SYMPTOMS
Respiratory
System, Lungs
Bacterial
infections,
smoking,dust,
fumes, coal
miners, metal
workers
Wheezing, SOB,
produces sputum
that may be clear,
white, yellow, or
greenish
Heart, blood
vessels, nerves,
eyes and kidneys
Obesity, Increasing
age, Bad diet,
Family History,
Bacterial/ viral
history
Weight loss,
tiredness, Excessive
thirst, Increased
hunger, frequent
urination
DRUG
THERAPY
EXAMPLE
PREVENTIVE MEASURE
Corticosteriods
Azmacort
(triamcinolone)
Type 1 (Insulin)
Humalog
Type 2
(Sulphonylurea
s)
Gliclazide
(Diamicron)
Maternal and
Perinatal
Conditions
Maternal
death- The death
of a
woman while
pregnant or
within 42 days of
termination of
pregnancy
from any cause
related to or
aggravated by the
pregnancy or its
management but
not from
accidental or
incidental causes
Perinatal
death- The
number of
stillbirths and
ORGAN/SYSTEM
AFFECTED
Female
Reproductive
System
(Pregnancy)Fetus and
Embryo
Urinary Tract
CAUSE
SIGN &
SYMPTOMS
Vaginal
Infections
Candidiasis
Trichomoniasis
Endocervical
Infections
Gonorrhea
Urinary Tract
Infections
(E. coli
Infections)
Acute cystitis
Acute
Pyelonephritis
Chorioamnioniti
s
Parvovirus
vaginal
discharge- thin,
gray, malodorous
vaginal pH >
4.5
vaginal or vulvar
pruritus, white
curd-like
discharge
erythematous
and edematous
vaginal and
vulvar mucosa
dyspareunia,
urinary
frequency,
dysuria
fever, chills,
flank pain,
DRUG THERAPY
Topical Agents
Antibacterials
Anti-infective
EXAMPLE
first
trimester
clindamycin
cream (2%) for
7 days
second and
third
trimesters
oral
metronidazole
500 mg bid for
7 days
uncomplicated
infections- for
3-7 days
(miconazole,
terconazole,
clotrimazole,
butoconazole)
persistent
and recurrent
infectionsfluconazole
Tetracyclines
Azithromycin
Erythromycin
PREVENTIVE MEASURE