Fuzzy Sets

Fuzzy Arithmetic
Fuzzy Relations
Fuzzy Logic
Fuzzy Measure (Possibility Theory)
Design Process and Design Tools
Applications: expert systems, fuzzy controllers,
pattern recognition, databases and information
retrieval, decision making.


Textbook: Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic, Theory and
Applications; George J. Klir & Bo Yuan, Prentice
Hall, 1995.
Ref.
Fuzzy sets, Uncertainty, and Information, G. J. Klir and
Tina A. Floger, Prentice Hall, 1988.
Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications, H. -J.
Zimmermann, 1991.
Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, Control, and Information,
John Yen, Reza Langari, Prentice Hall, 1999.
Fuzzy Engineering, Bart Kosko, Prentice Hall, 1997.
, 2003

Background
1. Handle complexity is a common issue in the
information society: complexity originates from
huge information and huge uncertainty.
2.
( )
3. We must deal between the information available
to us and the amount of uncertainty we allow.
4. Sometimes we can obtain a more robust
conclusion by presenting an uncertain
description instead of a precise description. (e.g.,
the description of weather)

4. Fuzziness is one feature of natural language so

does not necessarily imply the loss of
meaningful semantics.
5. Application roadmap of information technology:
numerical analysis, large database, knowledge
management. So, we must first know the
characteristics of the world and its knowledge,
then explore the possibility and limitation of
knowledge.

6. Even supercomputer still lacks for the capability

of summarization, which is the basis of
intelligence and competence of human being.
due to the binary logic basis of modern
computer model. wait for chemical computer,
bio-computer and molecular computer.

7. Traditional AI paradigms: first order logic (John

McCarthy, Nilsson Kowalski); ad-hoc techniques
and heuristic procedures. (Marvin Minsky (MIT),
Roger Schank). L. Zadeh: using fuzzy logic
(approximate reasoning, non-discrete) instead of
first order logic as the basis of AI in common
sense reasoning.
8.
fuzzy knowledge( discrete )
common-sense reasoning

9. Law of Incompatibility: As complexity rises,

precise statements lose meaning and meaningful
statements lose precision.

 Fuzzy logic denotes a retreat form unrealistic

requirement of precision.( )

3~40

Paradigm shift: certainty in science uncertainty in

science (molecular; probability theory (statistics;
microscopic macroscopic)
Organized simplicity (Newtonian mechanics, analyzed
by Calculus) organized complexity (involve nonlinear
systems with large no. of components and rich
interactions among the components, which are usually
nondeterministic, but not as a result of randomness)
disorganized complexity (randomness)

 Bremetmann limit: No data processing system,

whether artificial or living, can process more than
2 1047 bits per second per gram of its mass. (quantum
theory) transcomputational problems
How to deal with systems and associated problems
whose complexities are beyond our information
processing limits?

Fuzzy logic and Its Applications

Contents:
1. Introduction of Fuzzy Set theory
2. Basic of Fuzzy Logic
3. Fuzzy Inference
4. Applications of Fuzzy Logic

Introduction
1965 Fuzzy Set (Prof. Lotfi A.Zadeh,UCB)
1966 Fuzzy logic (Dr. Peter N.Marinos, Bell
Lab)
Fuzzy Set
Fuzzy Event
1972 Fuzzy Measure
(Prof.Michio Sugeno)

Crisp
Element

Introduction
Knowledge Representation
example: age (Man Old)
Membership Function
traditional
Age (Man Gt 60)
1

30 60 Ages

Introduction
Fuzzy
Membership Function

Age (Man Old)

1

0.5

30 60 Ages

Fuzzy Logic
A( x ) : membership of the element x in the fuzzy subset A
x : an element of the reference set E
A, B, Fuzzy subset of E
a A ( x ), b B ( x ), a , b [0,1]

a b MIN (a , b)
a b MAX (a, b)
a 1 a
a b ( a b ) ( a b)

Application 2
Air Conditioner System
TEMP.
SENSOR

TEMP. ERROR
TEMP. CHANGE

FUZZY
INFERENCE

INVERTER
FREQ.

FUZZY RULES

COMP
VALVE

MEMBERSHIP
FUNCTIONS

50 RULES (HEATING&A/C)
MAX-PRODUCT INFERENCING
DEFUZZIFICATION:
CENTROID METHOD

FAN SPEED

Application 3
Control laws of a Washing Machine
Laundry volume (V)
Low Mid High
Soft

S = Weak S = Weak S = STD

T = Short T = Short T = STD

More or less
soft

S = Weak S = STD S = STD

T = Short T = STD T = STD

fabric
quality
More or less
(Q)
Hard
Hard

S = Weak S = STD S = Strong

T = Short T = STD T = Long
S = Weak S = STD S = Strong
T = Short T = STD T = Long

Application 3
Fuzzy Automatic Washing Machine
laundry volume

optimum
water level

Laundry
volume
(V)

fabric
quality
(Q)

fabric
quality

Stream strength

FUZZY
CONTROL
Washing time

High
Mid
Low

Stream strength = Weak

Washing time = Short

Hard
Mid
Soft

Stream strength = Strong

Washing time = Long

Stream strength = Strong

Washing time = Short
(Optimal Washing Cycle)

Application 3
Fuzzy-Neuro Washing Machine(Panasonic)
(INPUT)
Quantity
Turbidity
(Optical sensor)

FUZZY
INFERENCE

Change Rate
Of Turbidity
Tuning
membership
functions

NEURAL
NET

(OUTPUT)
Water Level
Water Stream Strength
Washing Cycle Time
Rinse Cycle Time
Drain Cycle Time

Application 3
Fuzzy-Neuro Washing Machine(Hitachi/Sanyo)
(INPUT)
Quality(4)
Quantity(3)

FUZZY
INFERENCE

(OUTPUT)
Water Stream Strength
Washing Cycle Time
Rinse Cycle Time
Drain Cycle Time

Quality(4)
Quantity(3)
Conductivity
Sensor(5)
(Room Temp (8) Sanyo)

NEURAL
NET

COMPENSATION

Advantages of fuzzy system modeling

1.
2.

3.
4.

5.
6.

The ability to model highly complex business problems.

Improved cognitive modeling of expert systems
Need not crisply dichotomize rules at artificial boundary;
Reduce overall cognitive dissonance
The ability to model systems involving multiple experts.
Reduced model complexity:
a. Fewer rules,
b. Representing rules closer to natural language
Improved handling of uncertainty and possibilities,
Less externally complex problems can be isolated and
fixed sooner improved MTTR and MTBF.