Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CONSIDERATION OF SITE
GROUP 1
Jouill Villanueva
Carren Evangelista
Nadine Alabado
Marvin Derla
Jesniel Tipon
Mark Anthony Calanao
Sheree Nichole Guillergan
Architecture 3B
CONTENT
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
GROUND FORM
SOIL AND GEOLOGY
WATER RESOURCES
MICROCLIMATE
ORIENTATION
INTRODUCTION
An ecosystem is a complex system with many parts, both and non-living. All
parts of the system are important. If one part of the system is removed, lots of
other parts can be affected.
If a part of ecosystem is missing may continue for a while but in time would
start falling apart.
All of the parts of the ecosystem work together. If you do not think about how
your work will affect the land, water or air where you are working, you could
damage that ecosystem by poisoning the land or water, removing plants and
trees or killing the fish, insects, birds and animals that live there.
GROUND FORM
Patterned Ground
Types of patterned
ground
CIRCLE
POLYGON
Soil
Soil
Types
Sand, Silt, Clay, and Loam.
Iloilo
RELEVANT SOIL
SPECIFICATION SECTIONS:
Subsurface
Investigation
Site Clearing
(stripping &
topsoil)
stockpiling
Grading
Soil Stabilization
Erosion and
Sedimentation
Control
Earth sheltering
GEOLOGY
Geology is an
earth science
comprising the
study of solid Earth,
the rocks of which it
is composed, and
the processes by
which they change.
Geology can also
refer generally to
Geology gives insight into the history of the Earth by
the study of the
solid features of
providing the primary evidence for plate tectonics, the
any celestial body
evolutionary history of life, and past climates.
Geology is important for mineral and
(such as the
geology of the
hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation,
Moon or Mars).
evaluating water resources, understanding of
natural hazards, the remediation of environmental
problems, and for providing insights into past
climate change. Geology also plays a role in
geotechnical engineering and is a major academic
OTHER AREAS OF
APPLICATION
Cross-cutting relations can be used
to determine the relative ages of
rock strata and other geological
structures.
Explanations:
A - folded rock strata cut by a thrust
fault;
B large intrusion (cutting through
A);
C - erosional angular unconformity
(cutting off A & B) on which rock
strata were deposited;
D -volcanic dyke (cutting through A,
B & C);
E - even younger rock strata
(overlying C & D);
GEOLOGIC
MATERIALS
ROCK
The majority of research in geology is associated
with the study of rock, as rock provides the primary
record of the majority of the geologic history of the
Earth.
METHODS OF
GEOLOGY
WATER
RESOURCES
WATER
Rainwater or Rainfall
FROME THE RAINFALL
ADVANTAGE
DISADVANTAGE
DISADVANTAGE
FROM UNDERGROUND
ADVANTAGE
DISADVANTAGE
PROPERTIES OF WATER
HEAT CAPACITY
SURFACE TENSION
CAPILLARITY
DISSOLVING ABILITY
WATER RESOURCES
Food and water are two basic human needs. However, global coverage from
2002 indicate that, of every 10 people:
roughly 5 have a connection to a piped water supply at home
3 make use of some other sort of improved water supply, such as a
protected well or public standpipe;
2 are unserved;
In addition, 4 out of every 10 people live without improved sanitation.
AtEarth Summit 2002governments approved a Plan of Action to:
Halve by 2015 the proportion of people unable to reach or afford safe
drinking water. TheGlobal Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000
Report (GWSSAR)defines "Reasonable access" to water as at least 20 liters
per person per day from a source within one kilometer of the users home.
Halve the proportion of people without access to basic sanitation. The
GWSSR defines "Basic sanitation" as private or shared but not public
disposal systems that separate waste from human contact.
MICROCLIMATE
Upland regions
Upland areas have a specific type of climate
that is notably different from the surrounding
lower levels. Temperature usually falls with
height at a rate of between 5 and 10 C per
1,000 metres, depending on the humidity of the
air.
Winter scene on Dartmoor, Devon
Coastal regions
The coastal climate is influenced by both the
land and sea between which the coast forms a
boundary. The thermal properties of water are such
that the sea maintains a relatively constant day to
day temperature compared with the land. The sea
also takes a long time to heat up during the
summer months and, conversely, a long time to
cool down during the winter.
Coastal microclimates display different
characteristics depending on where they occur on
the earths surface.
In the tropics
Sea temperatures change little and the
coastal climate depends on the effects caused
by the daytime heating and night-time cooling of
the land. This involves the development of a
breeze from off the sea (sea breeze) from late
morning and from off the land (land breeze)
during the night. The tropical climate is
dominated by convective showers and
thunderstorms that continue to form over the
sea but only develop over land during the day.
As a consequence, showers are less likely to fall
on coasts than either the sea or the land.
Forest
Tropical rainforests cover only about 6% of
Earths land surface, but it is believed they have a
significant effect on the transfer of water vapour to
the atmosphere. This is due to a process known as
evapotranspiration from the leaves of the forest
trees.
Temperate forest in
Germany
Urban regions
What is an urban microclimate? The table below
summarises some of the differences in various
weather elements in urban areas compared with
rural locations.
Urban winds
Tall buildings can significantly disturb airflows
over urban areas, and even a building 100 metres or
so high can deflect and slow down the faster upperatmosphere winds. The net result is that urban
areas, in general, are less windy than surrounding
rural areas.
However, the office quarter of larger
conurbations can be windier, with quite marked
gusts. This is the result of the increased surface
roughness that the urban skyline creates, leading to
strong vortices and eddies. In some cases, these
faster, turbulent winds are funnelled in between
buildings, producing a venturi effect, swirling up
litter and making walking along the pavements
quite difficul
WHEN TO USE A
MICROCLIMATIC STRATEGY?
Key points:
>Consider building form to protect external spaces including courtyard
configurations
>Tall buildings can benefit from an aerodynamic form including simple
measures such as smoothed off corners. Facades that are modelled reduce
the impact of downwash vortex effect.
>Planted windbreaks are most effective in reducing exposure to and
around buildings.
>Avoid katabatic (downhill) winds carrying high density air down a slope.
>Avoid placing a building either in frost pockets or alternatively on
exposed hilltop locations. Use topography to shelter a building.
>Avoid placing a building either in frost pockets or alternatively on
exposed hilltop locations. Use topography to shelter a building.
>Use techniques such as planted facades and earth berming to protect
buildings form wind exposure.
Rules of thumb
Guidance on the siting of buildings in
non urban locations.
Design Procedure:
ORIENTATION
On this page:
Orientation for passive heating and cooling
Choosing a site
Building location
Layout
Overcoming obstacles
Orientation, layout and location on site will all
influence the amount of sun a building receives and
therefore its year-round temperatures and comfort.
Other considerations include access to views and
cooling breezes.
Orientation and layout will also be influenced
by topography, wind speed and direction, the
sites relationship with the street, the location
of shade elements such as trees and
neighboring buildings, and vehicle access and
parking.
Passive cooling is more of a priority than
passive heating, the building should be
oriented to take advantage of prevailing breezes.
Effective solar orientation requires a good
understanding ofsun pathsat the site at
different times of the year.
CHOOSING A SITE
Be flat or north-sloping
Be free of obstructions to the north (and be
unlikely to be built out in future)
Be able to accommodate a building with a
relatively large north-facing wall or walls for
maximum solar gain (as well as north-facing
outdoor areas if those are wanted).
A site with north-south alignment is likely to
receive midday sun and with minimal
overshadowing, but may have limited morning
or evening sun. A site with east-west alignment
is more likely to be overshadowed to the north.
BUILDING LOCATION
LAYOUT
OVERCOMING OBSTACLES
KEY POINTS:
In the past the passage of the sun across the
sky was plotted with pre printed sunpath
diagrams for specific latitudes. Thankfully CAD
packages can do this for you. Specifically Google
SketchUp is effective in setting up a model in
any global location and then able to simulate a
sunpath across a building.
Google SketchUp model showing building
design orientated to maximise south light.
John Brennan
Housing in temperate regions can benefit from
admitting the sun into the building interior.
Openings should be primarily orientated
southwards, consider the use of
conservatories and buffer spaces. Kitchens are
better facing east, living rooms to the south
and west. Bedrooms are often better to the
north to avoid light disturbance.
Simple criteria for the organisation of
spaces in housing to maximise positive
effects of orientation. John Brennan
Design Procedure:
Step 1:
There is no single design procedure to design for
orientation. However, you need to model your proposal in a
package such as Google SketchUp.
Step 2:
Ensure the building is properly placed on its site in relation
to north and the location either geographically or in terms of
latitude or longitude is entered.
Step 3:
Use a sun or shadow tool to model the building at seasonal
extremities.
Step 4: Be conservative in the use of glazing to heavily
exposed sides.
Step 5:
Model the use of solar shading devices.
Step 6:
You can quantify solar gain coming through
glazing over a year using in a domestic context,
really simple SAP tools.
Other packages such as Autodesk Ecotect and IES
VE-ware can model solar gain and possible
overheating of a building model.
Step 7:
Remember orientation is about protection and
mitigation of sunlight in buildings as well as
accommodating solar gain.