SCADA & TETRA

TRANSMISSION MODE OVER AIR INTERFACE

LINK MODE
ALOHA
SCADA PROCEDURE
IMPLEMENTATION

2009

MODES

3 Transmission modes are

possible over air interface
Circuit mode
SDS mode
IP packet mode

2009

Circuit mode

How it Works Consequences

Resource allocation request
Time slot allocation
transparent exchanges
Protocol dedicated for the
application

Fixed establishment time

No allocation if network is
overloaded
7,2 Kb/s or 4,8 Kb/s protected
Protocol managed by application
and, in most case, its a low efficient
half-duplex one.

NOT SUITABLE FOR SHORT EXCHANGES and LOW EFFICIENCY

2009

IP Packet mode
How it works Consequences
Resource allocation request Fixed establishment time
No allocation in case when the
Time slot allocation network is overloaded
advanced link protocol Very efficient protocol
(managed by infrastructure)
Mobile full busy on the allocated Mobile cant be use for audio
time slot communication (incoming or
outgoing) during IP packet exchange
Transmission de packet IP (but to cancel the ongoing data
transfer)
Address mapping (IP address and
ITSI address)

NOT SUITABLE FOR SHORT BUT VERY EFFICIENT FOR LONG DATA

2009

Mode SDS

How it Works Consequences

Direct transmission over common No resource allocation
signalling channel(s) {MCCH & In case when the network is
SCCH} overloaded, transmissions are not
refused but they need more time.
Quantified amount of data 4 types with different size,
up to 2 Kbit
basic link Protocol + granting Efficient protocol which nay be
delay optimized according to terminal
equipments

WELL SUITABLE FOR SHORT EXCHANGES

2009

TRANSMISSION TIME
CIRCUIT MODE

Transmission
time

Establishment
time

IP PACKET MODE

SDS MODE

2 Kbit

DATA EXCHANGE SIZE

2009

LINK MODE

Two possibilities for link modes

radio/radio mode which uses two radio links
serially connected
direct mode which uses only one radio link

2009

LINK MODES

TETRA network

RADIO/RADIO MODE

Different or identical radio sites

quipement

PEI

Mobile
TETRA

Mobile
TETRA

PEI

DIRECT MODE

TETRA network

IP

quipement

quipement

Only one radio site used

Mobile
TETRA

PEI

quipement

2009

ALOHA
Induced traffic and event traffic
BS

air interface

MS

terminal equipment

Data or request

Ack or response
Induced traffic
EVENT
Density of opportunities
is automatically managed
by infrasructure
according to received
traffic

Waiting oportunity
Collision possibility

opportunity

EVENT TRAFFIC
ack
Repeat if collision

opportunity

2009

ALOHA
As for any radio system, only one mobile may transmit at
the same time on the same channel.
In order to avoid collisions, any radio site allocates time slots to mobiles
for transmission what formed the protected uplink traffic. As example,
if the infrastructure waits for an acknowledge or a response from a
mobile, a time slot is allocated to this mobile for this transmission; in this
way the response is protected against collisions with others mobile
transmissions.
Unfortunately, the uplink traffic is made from responses, acknowledges
and also by exchanges initiated by mobiles. This last traffic cant be
protected, it is transmitted during not protected time intervals managed
by the infrastructure.
During these time slots (sometimes named opportunities), there could
be some collision and a special mechanism allows the mobiles to repeat
transmission during following opportunities with the lowest probability to
collide again.
Transmission capacity of a channel used always open (that is
permanent opportunities is about one third of the capacity of the
same channel used with protected mode (polling)

2009

ALOHA
ALOHA PROCEDURE

BS

air interface

MS

terminal equipment

Waiting for an opportunity

Possibility of collision

Density is automatically
regulated by
infrastructure according
to measured traffic.

opportunity

ack

Repeat if collision

opportunity

2009

SCADA PROCEDURE
POLLING PROCEDURE

BS

Server

air interface

MS

RTU

poll
PEI
poll
IP

response
Allocated time slot
response

DIRECT MODE
2009

SCADA PROCEDURE
POLLING PROCEDURE
MS

air interface

BS BS

air interface

MS

RTU

poll

opportunity

poll

PEI

PEI

response
Aloha Interval
response

RADIO / RADIO MODE

2009

SCADA TRAFIC EVALUATION

UNIT TRAFFIC WITH DIRECT PROCEDURE
Traffic
downlink
(Time Slot)
poll
0,5
response
TOTAL
0,5

uplink

uplink
ALOHA*

8
8

UNIT TRAFIC WITH RADIO / RADIO

PROCEDURE
Trafic
downlink
uplink
uplink
(Time Slot)
ALOHA*
poll
0,5
1
response
8
8
TOTAL
8,5
11

*load transmitted with ALOHA is weighted three time more than with protected
mode

2009

SCADA CAPACITY
MCCH or SCCH CHANNEL CAPACITY
MCCH and SCCH channels carry following traffic :
Broadcast traffic for system informations
mobiles registration traffic
roaming/hand-over traffic
audio communication signalling traffic
Useful capacity (payload) is lower than the overall capacity.
overall capacity : 17 TS / Second
payload : 10 TS / seconds (typical)

DIRECT MODE CAPACITY

With this procedure, the uplink is the most limiting path.
Typical capacity is 1.25 SCADA polling per second and per channel

RADIO / RADIO MODE CAPACITY

Generally, the scada server is in the same area than the RTU it manages (same radio site coverage)
the uplink way is the limiting path
Typical capacity 0.91 SCADA polling per second and per channel.

2009

TRANSMISSION TIME

Le temps de transit global est dtaill dans le tableau

suivant.

DIRECT PROCEDURE

2009

TRANSMISSION TIME

Le temps
Le temps
de transit
de transit
global global
est dtaill
est dtaill
dans ledans
tableau
le tableau
suivant.
suivant.

RADIO / RADIO MODE

2009

SCADA sur TETRA

IMPLEMENTATION
MODE DIRECT
Mode bus
serial

Standard
PC

IP
Ethernet

TETRA
network

mobile

PEI

SCADA
server

serial

RTU

MODE RADIO/RADIO

PEI
serial

mobile

TETRA
network

mobile

RTU

PEI
serial

SCADA
server

2009

FALL BACK MODE (from RTU view)

Radio site
1 (BS)

TETRA
network

mobile

PEI

RTU

srial

Radio site
2 (BS)

- In most cases the mobiles (RTUs) are under coverage of several radio sites
- In normal conditions, these mobiles communicate through the preferential site
- If this site is out of service, a mobile may automatically revert to another radio
site

2009

FALL BACK MODE (from SCADA seveur view)

DIRECT MODE
TETRA
network
IP

SCADA
server

-In this mode, traffic is automatically routed

to another radio site covering the RTU

RADIO/RADIO MODE

SCADA
server

PEI

Radio site
1 (BS)
Automatic
switching
Radio site
2 (BS)

Radio site
1 (BS)

TETRA
network
mobile

srial

- In this mode, the server changes its radio

site to that of the RTU

Site radio
2 (BS)

2009

AUDIO CALL FROM SCADA RTU

Dispatch
operator

Radio site
2 (BS)

mobile

PEI

RTU

srial

TETRA
network
LS Micro
LS Micro
It is useful to have an audio communication between the dispatch operator and a
technician on-site through the mobile connected to the RTU while data go on
transmission between this RTU and the SCADA server
Such function is automatically achieved in the following way:
- the audio communication is established with signalling exchanges over the common
signaling channel (MCCH or SCCH) also used for data exchanges (SDS)
- infrastructure allocates another channel for the audio communication
- the mobile connected to the RTU moves to the assigned channel; data
communications and audio communication are provided smultaneously by the STCH
(stealing channel) on frame 18.
THIS FUNCTION CANT BE ACHIEVED WITH PACKET DATA

2009

PHONIE et SCADA
MODE DIRECT ou
RADIO/RADIO
Poste
oprateur

Micro HP

Site radio
(BS)

mobile

PEI
srie

Rseau
TETRA

Automate
SCADA

Micro HP

-La capacit dacheminement des donnes simultanment avec une

communication est limite. Elle est suffisante pour couler le trafic dun seul
RTU, pas pour le trafic de plusieurs RTU
-CONCLUSION: en mode radio/radio, le mobile attach au serveur scada ne
peut pas tre utilis pour les communications phonie.

2009

MAINTENANCE in DIRECT MODE

TETRA
Network

SCADA
Server

mobile

PEI

RTU

serial

Verify
Availability

PC Diagnostics

Polling
interface
Polling
RTU

Status radio

Diagnostic from the site

Status radio

2009

SCADA sur TETRA

QUESTIONS ???

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION.

2009