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Contents
15.1
Solution Methods
15.3
Dynamic Loads
15.6
Initial Conditions
15.7
15.1
Dynamic Effects
KD F
CD
KD F
MD
Inertia force
Damping force
Elastic Force
External force
Dynamic Effects
4
CD
KD F
MD
CD
KD 0
MD
Avoid resonance
Exploit resonance
Assess structural stiffness
Structural modal degrees of freedom
Further dynamic analyses
etc.
8
15.2
Solution Methods
10
Solution Methods
Solution Methods for Equation of Motion
Direct Integration
Implicit
Full
Reduce
Mode Superposition
Explicit
Full
Reduce
11
12
Explicit method
D t t f ..., D t 2 t , D t t , D t
13
14
K ms
K ss
Dm
Fm
D
F
s
s
KD m F
1
Fs K smD m
D s K ss
where
1
K K mm K ms K ss
K sm
1
F Fm K ms K ss
Fs
15
15.3
17
x 0 0 x 0 0
0 x x 0 x x
0 x x 0 x x
x
0
0
x
0
0
0 x x 0 x x
0 x x 0 x x
Lumped mass
matrix
x
0
0
0
0
x
0
0
0
0
0
0
x
0
0
0
0
0
0
x
0
0
0
0
0
0
x
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
15.3.2 Damping
Damping effects is the total of all
energy dissipation mechanisms
Hysteresis (solid damping)
Viscous damping
Dry-friction (Coulomb damping)
19
15.3.3 Idealization of
Structural Damping
Structural dampings are usually
small (2%-7%).
Equivalent viscous damping is
assumed in ANSYS, i.e.,
FD CD
20
j 1
C M c K
m
j
j K j
C
k C
Ne
k 1
Alpha damping
Beta damping
Material dependent beta damping
Element damping matrices
Frequency-dependent damping matrix
21
15.4
:
Copper Cylinder Impacting on a Rigid Wall
22
23
24
FINISH
/CLEAR
/TITLE, UNITS: SI
/PREP7
ET, 1, VISCO106,,, 1
MP,
EX, 1, 117E9
MP, NUXY, 1, 0.35
MP, DENS, 1, 8930
TB, BISO, 1
TBDATA,, 400E6, 100E6
TBPLOT, BISO, 1
RECTNG, 0, 0.0032, 0, 0.0324
LESIZE, 1,,, 4
LESIZE, 2,,, 20
MSHAPE, 0, 2D
MSHKEY, 1
AMESH, ALL
FINISH
25
/SOLU
ANTYPE, TRANS
TRNOPT, FULL
NLGEOM, ON
IC, ALL, UY, 0, -227
NSEL, S, LOC, X, 0
D, ALL, UX, 0
NSEL, S, LOC, Y, 0
D, ALL, UY, 0
NSEL, ALL
/PBC, U,, ON
EPLOT
TIME, 80E-6
DELTIM, 0.4E-6
KBC, 1
OUTRES, ALL, 4
SOLVE
FINISH
26
/POST26
TOPNODE = NODE(0,0.0324,0)
NSOL, 2, TOPNODE, U, Y, DISP
DERIV, 3, 2, 1,, VELO
/GRID, 1
/AXLAB, X, TIME s
/AXLAB, Y, DISPLACEMENT m
PLVAR, 2
/AXLAB, Y, VELOCITY m/s
PLVAR, 3
FINISH
27
/POST1
SET, LAST
PLDISP, 2
PLNSOL, EPTO, EQV
ANTIME, 30
28
15.5
Dynamic Loads
29
/SOLU
...
F, ...
TIME, 0.5
DELTIM, ...
KBC, 0
AUTOTS, ON
OUTRES, ...
SOLVE
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
F, ...
TIME, 1
SOLVE
! 10 at the nodes
! Ending time
! Load step 2
FDELE, ...
TIME, 1.5
KBC, 1
SOLVE
!
!
!
!
Force (N)
22.5
10
0.5
1.0
1.5
Time (s)
30
15.6
Initial Conditions
31
32
33
/SOLU
ANTYPE, TRANS
...
TIMINT, OFF !
TIME, 0.001 !
D, ...
!
KBC, 1
!
NSUBST, 2
!
SOLVE
TIMINT, ON
TIME, ...
DDELE, ...
SOLVE
! Transient effects on
! Actual time at end of load
! Delete the applied displacement
34
/SOLU
TIMINT, OFF
TIME, 0.001
NSEL, ...
D, ALL, ALL, 0
NSEL, ALL
ACEL, ...
KBC, 1
NSUBST, 2
SOLVE
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Apply acceleration
Stepped loads
To avoid non-zero velocity
Load step 1
TIMINT, ON
!
TIME, ...
!
NSEL, ...
!
DDELE, ALL, ALL !
NSEL, ALL
SOLVE
!
Transient effects on
Actual time at end of load
Select all nodes on the object
Release them
Load step 2
35
15.7
36
Minimum
response
time
Time
p
t
20
37
10
Time (s)
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
38
T
t
30
39
x
t
3c
40
140 in.
Thrust
100 lb
1 sec.
Time
41