3GPP presentation

Architecture evolution
Moscow, October 2008
3GPP TSG CT Chairman
Hannu Hietalahti

Contents
Migration from GSM to multi-access IP multimedia
From GSM to multi-access
SIM/USIM/ISIM support
Security evolution
System Architecture Evolution (SAE)
IMS
Multi-mode terminals and networks

Service continuity
Multiple registration
Voice Call Continuity
CS Fallback
Network selection
2

From GSM to multi-access

Continuous improvement of access technologies
Provision of services over any access network
Common Core network

GSM 1800 GSM 1900

GSM 900
GSM ph.1

GPRS
R97

3G

EDGE
R98

R99

Packet
Cable

HSPA
WLAN

Fixed

Rel-5/6

Rel-6/7

WiMAX?

E-UTRAN

Rel-8 and onwards

...and lets make it IP all the way to the terminal !

SIM / USIM / ISIM support

GSM Ph.2 R98

R99 Rel-4

Rel-5 Rel-7

Rel-8 ->

???
GSM phone

UMTS 3G phone

IP Multimedia

SAE

GSM phase 2
Mandatory SIM
No USIM support
Optional GPRS
(R97 ->)

WCDMA or EDGE
Mandatory SIM
USIM support is:
Mandatory for
WCDMA
Optional for
GSM/EDGE

IMS
Mandatory USIM
No SIM specs
Optional support of
legacy SIM
ISIM support
mandatory for IMS
ME
WLAN (Rel-6)

SAE
USIM mandatory
for SAE access
3G AKA security
SIM access not
allowed any more
No need to update
legacy USIM
IMC as alternative
to ISIM for non3GPP access
4

Security evolution

SIM
security
in USIM

Phase 2 SIM UICC Smartcard, R99 ->

SIM Appl USIM ApplicationISIM Appl
SIM
2G
2G
3G
3G
2G
AKA
AKA AKA
AKA
AKA

RAND

GSM
security

SRES
Kc

SIM
application
in UICC

RAND
SRES
Kc

RAND+
AUTN

RANDRAND
+AUTN
SRES
Kc

RES
Ck
Ik

RES
Ck
Ik

IMS 3G
AKA in
ISIM

3G AKA
in UICC

SIP 401
Authentication Request
(RAND Unauthori
)
, AUTN
sed

System Architecture Evolution

(SAE)

LTE = E-UTRAN = evolved radio network

Megabit class data rates
Short delays
Short transition from idle to active

SAE = System Architecture evolution

Evolved IP oriented multi access architecture

E-UTRAN integrates only to SAE, A/Gb or Iu not possible

Strongly IP based PS only network
SAE covers both 3GPP and non-3GPP access technologies
Seamless roaming between E-UTRAN, 2G and 3G (tight interworking)
Loose interworking with non-3GPP accesses
Currently work is progressing on GTP for intra-3GPP mobility and
IETF based mobility for non-3GPP mobility
The main Architecture specifications 23.401 and 23.402 frozen in June 2008
Protocol work is ongoing with the goal to freeze it in December 2008
6

SAE/LTE Deployment
Deployments are expected to start with overlapping
cellular coverage
E-UTRAN overlapping with legacy 3GPP GERAN / UTRAN coverage
E-UTRAN overlapping with legacy 3GPP2 coverage
Multi-mode networks and terminals

E-UTRAN is a packet-only radio with no CS capacity

Initially E-UTRAN is foreseen as islands in the sea of
legacy cellular access

Mobility between E-UTRAN and legacy access is required

Mobility between PS and CS domains is required
Multi-mode terminals expect to use PS coverage where available
Desire to keep the connectivity and services

IP Multimedia Subsystem
(IMS)

PS domain IP Multimedia service platform

Based on open IETF standards
End to end IP (SIP)
Multi access

Internet

GPRS, I-WLAN, fixed xDSL, Packet Cable defined

More access technologies to follow...

Find & route

to destination

PSTN
IP
Multimedia
Core

Circuitswitched
network
(2G or 3G)

IP
connectivity
User3G,...)
data
(GPRS,
Any IP connectivity
(3G, WLAN,...)

End-to-End IP
services
8

Common IMS

3GPP members, 3GPP2, WiMAX forum, ETSI TISPAN and CableLabs

contribute to 3GPP common IMS specifications
Different requirements are supported in common implementation

All IMS specifications are harmonized to 3GPP specifications

Common parts are defined in 3GPP specifications only
Core IMS entities (CSCFs, AS, UE IMS client,...) + agreed common functions

Other organisations either reference or re-use 3GPP specification as it stands

Any changes or additions in the Common IMS area are made in 3GPP
All 3GPP members can contribute on their favourite work items
Ongoing work initiated by 3GPP members, CableLabs, 3GPP2 and ETSI TISPAN

The scope and coverage of Common IMS have been agreed by the SDOs

Common version of IMS specifications in Rel-8

Business or architecture specific additions to 3GPP Common IMS are possible
outside the agreed Common IMS area

Multi-mode,
Service continuity
Call control protocols
E-UTRAN is a PS only radio, speech and other services are IMS based
PS domain IMS uses SIP protocol for call control (3GPP TS 24.229)
CS domain uses Call Control defined in 3GPP TS 24.008

Voice Call Continuity

Domain transfer of ongoing call
Typically from E-UTRAN to 2G or 3G access

CS fallback
Paging the mobile in E-UTRAN to start CS service in 2G or 3G access
Not an E-UTRAN service, but fallback to existing service via 2G/3G

IMS service continuity

IMS service between E-UTRAN and other PS only, such as WLAN

IMS Centralized Service Control (ICS)

Common telephony services between CS and PS domain
10

Multi-mode,
IMS registration in Rel-7

When S-CSCF detects that the same UE registers again, it considers

this as an update and overwrites existing registration
In some cases it may not be possible to de-register when changing
from one access technology to another
UE might lose radio coverage before being able to de-register

S-CSCF detects that the registration is from the same UE based on the
same privateID, which is practically a device-ID

UE (privateID-A)

S-CSCF

REGISTER 1 (privateID-A, IPaddress: 1.2.3.4)

UE registered with 1.2.3.4

loss of
radio
REGISTER 2 (privateID-A, IPaddress: a.b.c.d)

UE registered ONLY with

a.b.c.d REGISTER 1 got
overwritten with REGISTER
11

Multi-mode,
IMS Multiple registration, Rel-8

A UE is able to register the same public user identity with multiple IP

addresses at the same time
Used e.g. for IMS Service Continuity (e.g. handing over from I-WLAN
to GPRS)
No gap in reachability of the mobile
HSS
GPRS
IP: 1.2.3.4

P-CSCF 1
S-CSCF

I-WLAN
IP: a.b.c.d

P-CSCF 2

user1 / 1.2.3.4 / UE-A

user1 / a.b.c.d / UE-A

UE-A
12

Multi-mode,
Single Radio Voice Call Continuity
Transfer from E-UTRAN to GERAN with active call
(not all entities shown)
HO command

MME

E-UTRAN

IMS

HO required

measurements
relocation
request

relocation
response

session
transfer

PLMN serving
remote user

MSC server

prepare HO

HO complete

2G or 3G
MSC

13

Multi-mode, CS fallback
Directing the UE from E-UTRAN to 2G/3G for CS service
MME

E-UTRAN
paging

SETUP
paging

PLMN serving
remote user

call setup
SETUP

paging resp.
2G or 3G
MSC
14

Multi-mode,
Network selection

Network selection comprises two parts

Network operator selection (the goal, based on commercial agreement)
Home operator determines which visited operators are preferred

Access technology selection (the means, based on technical criteria)

Serving visited operator determines access technology, frequency band and cell

Multi-mode phones supporting many access technologies are a new

challenge
Network selection within each technology is defined for 3GPP and
non-3GPP accesses
The combination of multiple technologies is undefined
Two approaches are foreseen in Rel-8
3GPP network selection procedures are extended to cover any non-3GPP
system that supports ITU-T defined concepts of MCC and MNC
For others the ANDSF can (optionally) download network selection policy
Access technology preference, policy for changing access technology, etc.

MCC = Mobile Country Code

MNC = Mobile Network Code
ANDSF = Access Network Discovery and Selection Function
15

Multi-mode network selection,

Outbound roaming example

HPLMN is not available

Prioritized VPLMNs are
listed with no associated
RAT in PLMN selector
with access technology:

VPLMN5 is not
available
VPLMN1 is available
VPLMN2 is available

VPLMN2 is selected via

2G, 3G or E-UTRAN

HPLMN has
not
configured
RAT priority
for this
VPLMN

VPLMN1
CDMA

VPLMN2
VPLMN1

VPLMN1

USIM configured RAT

preference possible

After PLMN selection

normal idle mode is
resumed

PLMN
Selector
(USIM):
VPLMN5

Cell & RAT may change

within the selected
PLMN
Background scan for
higher priority network

HPLMN

VPLMN1
E-UTRAN
?
VPLMN2
UTRAN
VPLMN2
GERAN

VPLMN2
E-UTRAN
RAT = Radio Access Technology, PLMN = Public Land Mobile Network

VPLMN2

16

Thanks for your

attention !
More information at
www.3gpp.org
17

Architecture Annex:
3GPP and non-3GPP
access architecture

18

SAE architecture (23.401)

NAS signaling+sign.
security

HSS

PCRF
S
7

Mobility between 3GPP ANs

Idle mode UE reachability

S6a

P-GW and S-GW selection

PDN
Gateway

SGSN selection at HO
Authentication

HPLMN

VPLMN

Bearer establishment

UTRAN

S1-MME

Signaling
security
(UMTS AKA)
LTE -Uu
UE

E-UTRAN
S1-U

User plane
security
(UMTS AKA)

Charging support
Legal interception

S4

Mobility anchor

S11
S10

Services
(e.g. IMS, PSS
etc.)

Policy enforcement

S12
MME

Operators IP

Packet screening &

filtering

SGSN
S3

SGi

UE IP address allocation

S8

GERAN

Rx
+

Packet routing

Serving
Gateway

Idle mode packet

buffering & DL
initiation
Legal interception

19

SAE non-3GPP access

(23.402)
HSS

Wx*

S6a

S4
2G/3G
SGSN

PCRF
S3

S2 for
connectivit
y via non3GPP acces

Rx+
S7

MME

Rx+

S11

SGi

S1-MME

Operators IP
Services

S10
Serving
Gateway

EUTRAN

S5

S6c

S1-U

Trusted IP
access
directly to PGW

Untrusted IP
access via
ePDG

(e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)

PDN
Gateway

S2b
Wm*
ePDG

S2c

3GPP AAA

S2a

Server
Wn*

HPLMN

Non-3GPP
Networks
Trusrted*

Trusted

Non-3GPP IP Access

Non-3GPP IP
Access

or 3GPP Access

Wu*

UE

Untrusted
Non-3GPP IP
Access

UE

Wa*
Ta*

* Untrusted non-3GPP access requires ePDG in the data path

20