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Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
04.02.15
Department of Architecture
Introduction
AR231 Fall12/13
Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
Definition of a Truss
A truss consists of straight members connected at
joints. No member is continuous through a joint.
Most structures are made of several trusses joined
together to form a space framework. Each truss
carries those loads which act in its plane and may
be treated as a two-dimensional structure.
Bolted or welded connections are assumed to be
pinned together. Forces acting at the member ends
reduce to a single force and no couple. Only twoforce members are considered.
When forces tend to pull the member apart, it is in
tension. When the forces tend to compress the
member, it is in compression.
04.02.15
Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
Definition of a Truss
Members of a truss are slender and not capable of supporting large lateral loads.
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Department of Architecture
04.02.15
Definition of a Truss
AR231 Fall12/13
Department of Architecture
04.02.15
AR231 Fall12/13
Department of Architecture
04.02.15
AR231 Fall12/13
Department of Architecture
04.02.15
AR231 Fall12/13
Department of Architecture
04.02.15
AR231 Fall12/13
Department of Architecture
04.02.15
AR231 Fall12/13
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Department of Architecture
04.02.15
AR231 Fall12/13
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Department of Architecture
Simple Trusses
AR231 Fall12/13
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Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
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Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
Forces in opposite members intersecting in two straight lines at a joint are equal.
Zero force
member
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Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
Space Trusses
An elementary space truss consists of 6 members
connected at 4 joints to form a tetrahedron.
A simple space truss is formed and can be
extended when 3 new members and 1 joint are
added at the same time.
In a simple space truss, m = 3n - 6 where m is the
number of members and n is the number of
joints.
Conditions of equilibrium for the joints provide
3n equations. For a simple truss, 3n = m + 6 and
the equations can be solved for m member forces
and 6 support reactions.
Equilibrium for the entire truss provides 6
additional equations which are not independent of
the joint equations.
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Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
SOLUTION:
1000 N
6m
6m
4m
6m
3m
3m
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Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
2000 N
1000 N
Cy
6m
6m
4m
0
2000 N 12 m 1000 N 6 m E 3 m
E 10,000 N
6m
3m
E
3m
Fx 0 C x
Cx 0
C y 7000 N
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E 10,000 N
C y 7000 N
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2000 N
1000 N
Cx
4m
6m
E
3m
3m
AR231 Fall12/13
Cy
6m
6m
Department of Architecture
N
N
4
3
5
FAB 1500 N Tension
FAD 2500 N Compression
There are now only two unknown member
forces at joint D.
FDB FDA
FDE 2
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3
5
FDA
FDB 2500 N T
FDE 3000 N C
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2000 N
6m
Cx
4m
6m
FBE 3750 N
3m
3m
AR231 Fall12/13
Sample
Problem
6.1
C
1000 N
6m
Department of Architecture
FBC 5250 N
FBE 3750 N C
FBC 5250 N T
N
N
FEC 8750 N
FEC 8750 N C
N
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2000 N
Cy
6m
Cx
4m
6m
AR231 Fall12/13
1000 N
6m
Department of Architecture
3m
3m
N
N
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Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
non-rigid
m 2n 3
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rigid
m 2n 4
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Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
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Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
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Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
0 5 m 6 kN 10 m 6 kN 15 m 6 kN
20 m 1 kN 25 m 1 kN 30 m L
L 7.5 kN
0 20 kN L A
A 12.5 kN
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Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
MH 0
7.50 kN 10 m 1 kN 5 m FGI 5.33 m 0
N
FGI 13.13 kN
FGI 13.13 kN T
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Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
FG 8 m
0.5333
GL 15 m
0
28.07
MG
7.5 kN 15 m 1 kN 10 m 1 kN 5 m
FFH cos 8 m 0
FFH 13.82 kN
tan
GI
5m
2
0.9375
HI 3 8 m
FFH 13.82 kN C
43.15
1 kN 10 m 1 kN 5 m FGH cos 15 m 0
FGH 1.371 kN
FGH 1.371 kN C
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Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
Analysis of Frames
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Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
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Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
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Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
Fy 0 Ay 480 N
Ay 480 N
Fx 0 B Ax
Ax 300 N
Note:
80 28.07
tan 1 150
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Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
60 mm
FDE 561 N C
Sum of forces in the x and y directions may be used to find the force
components at C.
Fx 0 C x FDE cos 300 N
0 C x 561 N cos 300 N
C x 795 N
C y 216 N
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Department of Architecture
AR231 Fall12/13
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