SANITATION PLUMBING

DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

Public to Private Connection Basics

Parts of the Cold Water Distribution System

Parts of the Cold Water Distribution System

Service Pipe- pipe from the street water

main or other source of water supply to the
building served
Water Meter- device used to measure in
liters or gallons the amount of water that
passes through the water service
Horizontal Supply Main- the principal
water distribution pipe running from the
water meter from which the various
branches and risers to the fixtures are
taken

Parts of the Cold Water Distribution System

Riser- a water supply pipe extending

vertically to one full story or more to
convey water into pipe branches or
plumbing fixtures
Fixture Branch- the water supply pipe
between the fixture supply pipe and the
water-distributing pipe
Valves- used for control, isolation and
repair of the water distribution system
Storage Tanks

Supplementary Definitions
(Water Distribution System)

Air Gap (Water Distribution) - An

unobstructed vertical distance through the
free atmosphere between the lowest
opening from any pipe or faucet conveying
potable water to the flood-level rim of any
tank, vat or fixture
Backflow - The flow of water or other
liquids, mixtures or substances into the
distributing pipes of a potable supply of
water from any source other than from its
intended source

Supplementary Definitions
(Water Distribution System)

Battery of Fixtures - Any of two or more

similar adjacent fixtures which discharge
into a common horizontal soil or waste
branch
Cross- Connection - Any connection or
arrangement between a potable water
supply system and any plumbing fixture or
any tank, receptacle, equipment or device
through which enables contaminated water
or other substances to enter into any part of
the system

Supplementary Definitions
(Water Distribution System)

Fixture Branch - The water supply pipe

between the fixture supply pipe and the
water distributing pipe
Flood Level - The level in a fixture at
which water begins to overflow over the top
or rim of the fixture

Supplementary Definitions
(Water Distribution System)

Gooseneck - A flexible tubing connection

between a service pipe and water main; A
return bend of small-sized pipe commonly
used as a faucet
Roughing in - The installation of all piping
and fitting parts of the plumbing system,
which can be completed prior to the
installation of fixtures and accessories.
These include sanitary and storm drainage,
tap, hot and chilled water supplies, gas
pipings and the necessary fixture supports.

Roughing-in

Water Supply Distribution Schemes

Upfeed System
Downfeed System
Pneumatic/Air-Pressure System

Air Pressure System (Pneumatic)

Used when pressure supplied by city water supply is

inadequate
Compressed air is used to raise and push water
into the system

Downfeed /Overheadfeed /Gravity System

Water is pumped into a large tank on top of the

building and is distributed to the fixtures by means
of gravity

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

Upfeed System
1. Eliminates extra cost of pumps & tanks.

1. Pressure from water main is inadequate to

supply tall buildings.
2. Water supply is affected during peak load
hour.

Air Pressure System

1. With compact pumping unit.
1. Water supply is affected by loss of pressure
2. Sanitary due to air tight water chamber.
inside the tank in case of power
3. Oxygen in the compressed air serves as
interruption.
purifying agent.
2. Maximum zoning for each system is 10
4. Less initial construction & maintenance cost
floors.
5. Adaptable air pressure.
Overheadfeed System
1. Water is not affected by peak load hour.
2. Not affected by power interruptions.
3. Time needed to replace broken parts does
not affect water supply.

1.
2.
3.
4.

Water is subject to contamination.

High maintenance cost.
Occupies valuable space.
Requires stronger foundation and other
structure to carry additional load of tank and
water.

Maximum and Probable Demand

Maximum Demand: refers to the maximum
water discharge for plumbing fixtures in terms of
units. The maximum demand of water supply is
equal to the total fixture units in a plumbing
system wherein one unit is approximately valued
at 7.5 gallons of water discharge per minute
Probable Demand: also referred to as the Peak
load, it is the probable amount of water
discharge at any given time. The fewer the
number of fixtures installed the higher the
percentage of probability of their simultaneous
use.

WSFU

WSFU are used to determine water

supply to fixtures and their service
systems
The Water Supply Fixture
Units(WSFU)are defined by theUniform
Plumbing Code (UPC), and can be used to
determine the water supply to fixtures
and their service systems.

Water Supply Fixture Unit

Can Be Used To Determine The Water Supply To

Fixtures And Their Service Systems.
1 WSFU = 8 GPM
1 gallon = 3.79 Liters

Water Supply Fixture Unit (Table 6-5)

FIXTURE
BAR SINK
BATHTUB
BIDET
DENTAL UNIT OR CUSPIDOR
DRINKING FOUNTAIN
HOSE BIBB OR SILL COCK
LAUNDRY TUB
LAVATORY
DENTAL LAVATORY
LAWN SPRINKLERS
MOBILE HOME
SHOWER
BAR SINK
FLUSHING RIM SINK

PRIVATE
1
2
2

PUBLIC
2
4
4

1
3
2
1
1
1
6
2
1

1
2
5
4
2
1
1
6
4
2
10

Water Supply Fixture Unit (Table 6-5)

FIXTURE
DISHWASHER

PRIVATE
2

PUBLIC
4

WASHUP/CIRCULARSPRAYSINK

WASHUP/EACHSETOFFAUCETS

FLUSHTANKURINAL

PEDESTALTYPEURINAL

10

STALLURINAL

WALLHUNGURINAL
FLUSHTANKWATERCLOSET
ECONOMICALFLUSHWATERCLOSET
FLUSHOMETERTANKWATERCLOSET

5
5
4
5

3
2.5
3

Water Supply Fixture Unit

(UPC)

PROBABILITY of SIMULTANEOUS USE of

FIXTURES
Type of Fixture
Fixture Units
Number of Fixture
Units

Percentage of
Simultaneous Use

1 to 5

50 100%

6 to 50

25 50%

50 or more

10 25%

Process
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Identify if Project is Private or Public

Use.
Compute Total Water Supply Fixture
Unit.
Multiply TWSFU to 7.5 gallons (1
WSFU= 7.5 gallons therefore 8 gallons
per minute) to get Maximum Demand.
Multiply TWSFU to Percentage of
Simultaneous Use to get Reduction
Factor.
Subtract from Maximum Demand from

DETERMINING HOT WATER DEMAND

Kind of Building
School, Office, and
Industrial Occupancy
Residential
Hotels and Restaurants

Average Working
Load
25%
35%
50%

Process
1.

2.

Determine Occupant Load (Example: 6

Persons)
Determine Building Type (Refer to Table Below)
Occupancy
Commercial

4 to 5

Institutional

2 to 3

Apartment (Multi-Family)
Hotels
Factories
3.

Gallons per Person

per Hour

8
8 to 10
4 to 6

Residential
(Single
10
Multiply
Occupant
Load to gallons
per person
perHousehold)
hour

Process
4.

5.

Multiply Computed Maximum Demand

to Average Working Load to get
Probable Demand.
Convert derived Probable Demand to
Cubic Meter. (1 cubic meter = 264
gallons)