This document discusses the use of chemical and mineral admixtures in concrete. It defines admixtures as chemical compounds other than cement, water, and aggregates that are added to concrete to modify its properties. The document then describes four main types of admixtures and their functions: 1) accelerating admixtures speed up the initial set and strength development of concrete, 2) retarding admixtures slow the initial set of concrete, 3) air-entraining admixtures incorporate tiny air bubbles to improve durability against freezing and thawing, and 4) water-reducing admixtures increase workability and flowability without adding water.
Original Description:
Original Title
Use of Chemical and Mineral Admixtures in Concrete Ppt
This document discusses the use of chemical and mineral admixtures in concrete. It defines admixtures as chemical compounds other than cement, water, and aggregates that are added to concrete to modify its properties. The document then describes four main types of admixtures and their functions: 1) accelerating admixtures speed up the initial set and strength development of concrete, 2) retarding admixtures slow the initial set of concrete, 3) air-entraining admixtures incorporate tiny air bubbles to improve durability against freezing and thawing, and 4) water-reducing admixtures increase workability and flowability without adding water.
This document discusses the use of chemical and mineral admixtures in concrete. It defines admixtures as chemical compounds other than cement, water, and aggregates that are added to concrete to modify its properties. The document then describes four main types of admixtures and their functions: 1) accelerating admixtures speed up the initial set and strength development of concrete, 2) retarding admixtures slow the initial set of concrete, 3) air-entraining admixtures incorporate tiny air bubbles to improve durability against freezing and thawing, and 4) water-reducing admixtures increase workability and flowability without adding water.
concrete other than Portland cement, water, and aggregates that are added to the mixture immediately before or during mixing . Admixtures have formulated chemical composition and special chemical action, and are used to modify certain properties of concrete.
FUNCTIONS OF ADMIXTURES
Admixtures can be classified by
function as follows:
Accelerating admixtures or accelerator
The general action of accelerators is to cause more
rapid dissolution of compounds of cement , particularly Tricalcium silicate , in water and hence facilitate more rapid hydration of these compounds.
The generally used accelerators consist of NaCl,
Na2Co3, K2SO4 , KOH.
An admixture used to speed up the initial set of the
concrete is called ac accelerator.
These are added in concrete either
(1) To increase the rate of hydration of cement ,and hence to increase the rate of development of strength . (2) To shorten the setting time
An increase in the rate of early strength development
may help in (1) Earlier removal of forms, (2) Reduction of required period of curing (3) Early placement of structure in service.
Retarding Admixtures or retarder
The set-retarding admixtures slow down the initial rate
of hydration of cement or prolong the setting of the cement paste in concrete. A retarding admixture holds back the hydration process, leaving more water for workability and allowing concrete to be finished and protected before drying out.
Air entraining admixtures
Air entering admixtures help to incorporate a controlled
amount of air , in the form of million of minute noncoalescing bubbles distributed throughout the body of concrete ,during mixing, without significantly altering the setting or the rate of hardening of concrete. In airentrained concrete ,the air bubbles provide space to relieve the pressure of expanding ice as shown fig.(1)
It is generally recognized that a proper amount of
entrained air result in improved properties of plastics concrete like workability ,easier placing and finishing , increased durability ,better resistance to frost action and reduction in bleeding and segregation.
The beneficial amount of entrained air depends upon
the type and quantity of air-entraining agent; water cement ratio of mix; type grading and maximum size of the aggregate ; mixing time ; the temperature and time of cement.
Water reducing admixtures
or Plasticizers
Water reducing admixtures enable a
given fresh concrete mix to have higher flowability (workability) without increasing the water content increasing the water content which results in faster rate of concrete placement , easy placement in relatively poorly accessible location without vibration ,true shutter finish for highly reinforced members and reduction in cement content .
Working of superplasticizers
TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE
The performance of concrete is normally optimized in
one of the following four ways :1. To produce flowing concrete 2. To produce concrete with varying low water cement ratio 3. To produce high performance concrete 4. To produce concrete mix with reduced cement content.