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Poor Too
Little
Poor Too
Much
Our Text:
Material Science and Engineering
An Introduction
by William D. Callister, Jr
Seventh Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Materials Science
Materials Engineering
Structure of Materials
Properties of Materials
Processing of Materials
Performance of Materials
Bronze Age
Steel Age
Iron Age
Doing Materials!
Example of Materials
Engineering Work Hip
Implant
Requirements
mechanical
strength (many
cycles)
good lubricity
biocompatibility
Acetabular
Cup and
Liner
Key Problems to
overcome:
Ball
Femor
al
Stem
Introduction
METALS
CERAMICS
POLYMERS
COMPOSITES
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Introduction, cont.
Metals
Ceramics
Glass, Concrete,
Brick, Alumina,
Zirconia, SiN, SiC
Polymers
Plastics, Wood,
Cotton (rayon,
nylon), glue
Composites
Metals:
Strong, ductile
high thermal & electrical conductivity
opaque, reflective.
2. Properties
3. Material
But:
(d)
Hardness (BHN)
600
500
400
(c)
(a)
(b)
4 m
300
200
30 m
100
0.01 0.1
And
30 m
30 m
1
10 100 1000
Cooling Rate (C/s)
At h1, L1
low UTS
low YS
high ductility
round grains
At h2, L2
high UTS
high YS
low ductility
elongated grains
(10-8 Ohm-m)
Resistivity,
5
4
3
2
1
0
3
+
u
.3
t %N
a
2
i
N
%
i
t
N
a
6
%
t
a
2.1
2
+
1
.
Cu
+1
u
C
d
e
rm
Ni
o
f
%
e
t
d
a
2
1
.
+1
u
C
u
C
e
r
Pu
-200
-100
T
(C)
Electrical Resistivity of
Copper is affected by:
Contaminate level
Degree of deformation
Operating temperature
THERMAL
Properties
Space Shuttle Tiles:
Thermal Conductivity
--Silica fiber insulation
offers low heat conduction.
Thermal Conductivity
(W/m-K)
100 m
Adapted from
Fig. 19.4W, Callister
6e. (Courtesy of
Lockheed Aerospace
Ceramics Systems,
Sunnyvale, CA)
(Note: "W" denotes fig.
is on CD-ROM.)
400
300
200
100
0
0
10 20 30 40
Composition (wt% Zinc)
MAGNETIC Properties
Magnetic Storage:
vs. Composition:
--Adding 3 atomic % Si makes Fe a
better recording medium!
Magnetization
--Recording medium
is magnetized by
recording head.
Magnetic Permeability
Fe+3%Si
Fe
Magnetic Field
Fig. 20.23, Callister 7e.
(Fig. 20.23 is from J.U. Lemke, MRS Bulletin,
Vol. XV, No. 3, p. 31, 1990.)
DETERIORATIVE Properties
Stress & Saltwater...
--causes cracks!
10-10
increasing load
Adapted from Fig. 11.20(b), R.W. Hertzberg, "Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of
Engineering Materials" (4th ed.), p. 505, John Wiley and Sons, 1996. (Original source:
Markus O. Speidel, Brown Boveri Co.)
--material:
Adapted from chapter-opening photograph,
Chapter 17, Callister 7e.
(from Marine Corrosion, Causes, and
Prevention, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1975.)
4 m
7150-T651 Al
"alloy"
(Zn,Cu,Mg,Zr)
Adapted from Fig. 11.26,
Callister 7e. (Fig. 11.26 provided courtesy of G.H.
Narayanan and A.G. Miller, Boeing Commercial
Airplane Company.)
by materials selection.