EMBEDDED SYSTEM

DESIGN
(ECE 1021)
INTRODUCTION TO
EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS
PRIYANKA MATHUR

Asst. Professor/ECE

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

To understand the meaning of embedded system

and applications in which they are used
To study Hardware, Software architecture of ES
and architecture of Real Time Operating Systems
(RTOS)

COURSE OUTLINE AND STRUCTURE:

Introduction to Embedded System:

The Typical Embedded System

Characteristics and Quality Attributes of Embedded System

Embedded Systems Application and Domain Specific

Hardware Software Co-Design and Program Modeling

Design and development of embedded product

Embedded Firmware Design and Development

Real Time Operating System (RTOS) based Embedded System Design

An Introduction to Embedded System Design with VxWorks and

MicroC/OS-II (COS-II) RTOS

Integration and Testing of Embedded Hardware and Firmware

The Embedded System Development Environment

Product Enclosure Design & Development

Embedded Product Development Life Cycle (EDLC)

Trends in the Embedded Industry

TEXT BOOK /REFERENCE BOOK

Shibu K.V., Introduction to Embedded Systems,

TMH Private Limited, New Delhi, 2009.
Raj Kamal, Embedded Systems Architecture,
Programming and Design, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi

TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED
System
Embedded System
Embedded system vs general computing
system
History of ES
Classification of ES
Application areas

INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A SYSTEM?
A system is a way of working,
organizing or doing one or many tasks
according to a fixed plan, program or set
of rules.
A system is also an arrangement in
which all its units assemble and work
together according to the plan or
program.

SYSTEM EXAMPLES
WATCH

It is a time display SYSTEM

Parts: Hardware, Needles,
Battery, Dial,
Chassis and Strap
Rules
1.All needles move clockwise only
2.A thin needle rotates every second
3.A long needle rotates every minute
4.A short needle rotates every hour
5.All needles return to the original
position after 12 hours

SYSTEM EXAMPLES

WASHING MACHINE

It is an automatic clothes
washing SYSTEM
Parts: Status display panel,
Switches & Dials, Motor, Power
supply & control unit, Inner water
level sensor and solenoid valve.
Rules
1.Wash by spinning
2.Rinse
3.Drying
4.Wash over by blinking
5.Each step display the process stage

EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Definition: An Embedded System is one that has

computer hardware with software embedded in it
as one of its important components. Its software embeds

in
ROM
(Read
Only
Memory). It does not
need
secondary
memories
as
in
a
computer

SOFTWARE
PROGRAM

HARDWARE

#include <16f876a.h>
#use delay (clock=20000000)
#byte PORTB=6
main()
{
set_tris_b(0);
portb=255;//decimal
delay_ms(1000);
portb=0x55;//hexadecima 9
l
delay_ms(1000);
portb=0b10101010;//binary
delay_ms(500);

EMBEDDED SYSTEM
An embedded system is an electronic /electro
mechanical system designed to perform a specific
function and is a combination of both hardware
and firmware(software)

ES VS GENERAL COMPUTING
SYSTEM
GENERAL PURPOSE

COMPUTING SYSTEM

EMBEDED SYSTEM

Combination of generic hardware

and general purpose operating
system for executing a variety of
applications

Combination of special purpose

hardware and embedded OS for
executing a specific set of
application

Contains GPOS

May or may not contain OS

Applications alterable by user

Firmware is pre programmed and

not alterable by end user

Performance is key for selection

(faster the better)

Application specific requirement

(performance, power usage, memory
usage)

Response requirement not time

critical

Response requirement are time

critical (mission critical systems)

HISTORY OF ES

First recognised modern embedded system is

The Apolli Guidance Compuetr (AGC) developed
by MIT instrumentation lab for lunar expedition
The first mass produced ES was guidance
computer for Minuteman I missile in 1961
Autonetics D-17

CLASSIFICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

1. BASED ON GENERATION
First

Second

Third

Fourth

generation

generation

generation

generation

8 bit
microprocessor

16 bit
microprocessor/
microcontroller

32 bit
microprocessor
or 16 bit
controller

System on chip
(SoC)

Assembly code
firmware

Embedded OS

DSP o r ASIC
processor

Reconfigurable
processor

Stepper motor
control, digital
phone keypad

Data acquisition
system

Robotics,
networking

Smart phones ,
MID

2. BASED ON COMPLEXITY AND

PERFORMANE
1.

Small Scale Embedded System

2.

Medium Scale Embedded System

3.

Sophisticated Embedded System

SMALL SCALE EMBEDDED

SYSTEM

Simple in application needs

Not time critical

Single 8 bit or 16bit Microcontroller.

Little hardware and software complexity.

They May even be battery operated.

Usually C is used for developing these system.

Eg : electronic toy

MEDIUM SCALE EMBEDDED

SYSTEM

Single or few 16 or 32 bit microcontrollers

or Digital Signal Processors (DSP) or
Reduced
Instructions
Set
Computers
(RISC).
Both hardware and software complexity.

SOPHISTICATED EMBEDDED
SYSTEM

Enormous hardware and software complexity

Which may need scalable processor or configurable
processor and programming logic arrays.
Employed in
performance

mission

critical

application

for

high

32/64 bit RISC or reconfigurable processor may be used

APPLICATIONS
Household appliances:
Microwave ovens, Television, DVD
Players & Recorders
Audio players
Integrated systems in aircrafts and
missiles
Cellular telephones
Electric and Electronic Motor
controllers
Engine controllers in automobiles
Calculators
Medical equipments
Videogames
Digital musical instruments, etc.